unit 3

cells

small alive basic units of every living thing

prokaryotic cells

simple, single celled organism with no nucleus and no organelles (only bacteria has these cells)

eukaryotic cells

complex single-celled or multicellular organism

protists

small, usually single-celled organisms that come in a variety of shapes

cell membrane

controls what goes in and out

cell wall

protects and supports cells

nucleus

control center

ribosomes

helps assemble proteins

rough ER

transports and modifies proteins

smooth ER

makes lipids and breaks down harmful substances

golgi apparatus

processes and modifies new proteins and distributes macromolecules

cytoplasm

where reactions take place

cystoskeleton

helps with cell movement, shape, and division

cilia and flagella

help move cells

mitochondria

converts the energy in food to ATP

chloroplast

turns energy from sun and converts it into carbs

vacuole

stores water, waste, salt, proteins, carbohydrates

lysosome

helps digest and recycle food, waste, old organelles

solution

a mixture or 2 or more substances

solvent

the substance in which something is dissolved

solute

the substance dissolved in the solvent

diffusion

particles go from high concentration area to low concentration area

facilitated diffusion

molecules that can’t diffuse across

osmosis

movement of water across a membrane from high to low concentration

isotonic

equal amount of solute in and out of the cell

hypotonic

less solute outside the cell, water moves in

hypertonic

more solute outside the cell, water moves out

passive transport

no energy to move things in and out, sometimes uses energy to move things the opposite way

active transport

cell membranes use energy to move particles from low to high concentration through membrane proteins

endocytosis

cell membrane surrounds a substance and pinches it off

exocytosis

opposite, the substance is secreted out of the cell