Rate of Reactions, Bonding and IMFs

Reaction rate

The change in the amount or concentration per unit time of either a reactant or product

Catalyst

A substance that increases the rate of the reaction but remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

Collision theory

A model that explains that a reaction will only proceed when reactant particles collide effectively.

What is an effective collision

The colliding reactant particles must have: -the correct orientation -Sufficient kinetic energy that is equal to or greater than the activation energy

Intramolecular bond

Bond between atoms within molecules

Electronegativity

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons

Covalent bond

A sharing of at least one pair of electrons by two non metal atoms

Ionic bonding

A transfer of electrons to form a cations and anions which are electrostatically attracted in an ionic crystal lattice

Metallic bonding

The attraction between positive kernels and a sea of delocalised electrons

Intermolecular force

A force of attraction between molecules or between atoms of noble gases

Polar molecule

A molecule in which the electrons are unevenly distributed resulting in a partially positive and partially negative end

Dative covalent bond

Lon pair on one atom or molecule is shared by the empty orbital on other ion or atom

Boiling point

The temperature at which the vapour pressure of a liquid equals atmospheric pressure

Melting point

The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are at equilibrium

vapour pressure

The pressure caused by the produced vapour in a closed system