Neuroscience Exam 2

Oswalt Fall 26

Cranial Nerve Functions

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More

I: Olfactory Nerve

Smell

SENSORY

II: Optic Nerve

Vision

SENSORY

Ⅲ: Oculomotor Nerve

Moves eyes left and right

Controls eyelids

Pupil constrictor

MOTOR

Ⅳ: Trochlear Nerve

Moves eyes down and inward

MOTOR

Ⅴ: Trigeminal Nerve: Ophthalmic Branch Ⅴ1

Touch, temperature, pain from upper face

SENSORY

Ⅴ: Trigeminal Nerve: Maxillary Branch: Ⅴ2

Touch, temperature, pain from mid-face

SENSORY

Ⅴ: Trigeminal Nerve: Mandibular: Ⅴ3

Touch, temperature, pain/vibration from lower face

BOTH

Ⅵ: Abducens

Moves eye outward

MOTOR

Ⅶ: Facial

Tastes food on front 2/3 of tongue

Controls facial expressions

Tells eyes to make tears

Tells mouth to spit

BOTH

Ⅷ: Auditory (vestibulocochlear)

Hears sound & controls balance

SENSORY

Ⅸ: Glossopharyngeal

Tastes food on back 1/3 of tongue

Feels throat sensations

Monitors blood pressure

Helps lift throat to swallow

Signals salivary glands to make spit

BOTH

Ⅹ: Vagus

Sends sensory updates from heart, lungs, & stomach to brain

Controls voice box & swallowing muscles

Slows heart rate

Starts stomach digestion

BOTH

ⅩⅠ: Spinal Accessory

Moves neck & upper back muscles to turn head & shrug shoulders

MOTOR

ⅩⅠⅠ: Hypoglossal

Moves tongue muscles so you can stick out your tongue, talk clearly, and move food around

MOTOR

4 main anatomical divisions of the diencephalon

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus

Thalamus function

major sensory & motor relay station

Hypothalamus Function

Main visceral & autonomic control center

Epithalamus Function

Pineal gland & habenula

Regulates circadian rhythms

Subthalamus Function

subthalamic nucleus

motor regulation connected to basal ganglia

Thalamus Relay Station

filters & relays sensory info. to the cerebral cortex

Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus (VPL)

Relays temp., pain, touch from body to S1

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (VPM)

Somatosensory and taste info from face and head to S1

Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MGN)

Relays auditory input from inferior colliculus to primary auditory cortex (A1)

Hypothalamus

Controls body temp., hunger, thirst, sleep-wake cycles, and emotional behavior

Epithalamus

Make melatonin in response to darkness, modulates circadian rhythms, sleep-wake cycle

Thalamic Pain Syndrome (Dejerine-Roussy)

Sensory loss, contralateral pain triggered by light/touch/temp.

Striatum structures

caudate nucleus + putamen

Lenticular Nucleus

putamen + globus pallidus (in & ex)

Core Basal Ganglia

caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra

Parkinson’s disease

5 Main sections of the spinal cord

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral