Endocrine Disorders

What hormones are regulated by the anterior pituitary gland? name 3

Growth hormone

- Thyroid stimulating hormone

- Adrenocorticotropic hormone

- Prolactin

- Follicle stimulating hormone

- Luteinizing hormone

What hormones are regulated by the posterior pituitary gland? (2)

• Oxytocin

• Vasopressin (antidiuretic)

How does hypothyroidism present? (4)

decreased energy

- drowsiness, weakness

- increased CNS depressant sensitivity

- face/tongue edema

how does hyperthyroidism (3)

loss of alveolar process

- diffuse demineralization of mandible

- increased sympathetic & neuromuscular activity

estrogen binds to

estrogen receptor

testosterone binds to

androgen receptor

progestin binds to

progesterone receptor

What is levothyroxine (synthyroid) used for?

thyroid hormone replacement

How does danazol modulate sex hormone receptors?

replacement therapy for testosterone

What is finasteride used for? (2)

benign prostatic hyperplasia & prostate cancer tx

How does estradiol modulate sex hormone receptors?

replacement therapy for estrogen

How does fulvestrant modulate sex hormone receptors?

treatment of estrogen sensitive breast cancer

How does raloxifene modulate sex hormone receptors?

antagonist in ovaries/breast

How does anastrozole modulate sex hormone receptors?

prevents estrogen synthesis

How does levonorgestrel modulate sex hormone receptors? (2)

progesterone agonist contraceptives

Birth control

How does mifepristone modulate sex hormone receptors? (2)

progesterone antagonist contraceptives

Plan B

How do xenoestrigens modulate sex hormone receptors?

mimics estrogen

What are the actions of clomiphene? (2)

estrogen receptor, stimulates ovaries

What are the actions of leuprolide? (2)

modulates FSH & LH

What are the actions of tamoxifen?

estrogen receptor agonist

What are the actions of danazol? (2)

weak progestin & androgen agonist

What are the actions of aromatase inhibitors?

prevention conversion of testosterone to estrogen

How do oral contraceptives interact with the following:

- acetaminophen

^hepatotoxicity

How do oral contraceptives interact with the following:

- benzodiazepines

^benzo clearance

How do oral contraceptives interact with the following:

tetracyclines

penicillin

reduces effects

What is xenoestrogen? (2) How is it sourced?

exogenous substance that mimics estrogen + can modulate receptors

plant & environmentally derived

How might xenoestrofens affect a dental patient?

sufficient levels in sealants can cause adverse effects

What is diatrizoate sodium (hypaque) used for?

used to treat hyperthyroidism