Lesson 5 - The Lower Extremity

Ilium

Identify the bone of the appendicular skeleton

Ischium

Identify the bone of the appendicular skeleton

Pubis

Identify the bone of the appendicular skeleton

Patella

Identify the bone of the appendicular skeleton

Femur

Identify the bone of the appendicular skeleton

Tibia

Identify the bone of the appendicular skeleton

Fibula

Identify the bone of the appendicular skeleton

Acetabulum

Identify the bony landmark on the ilium

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

Identify the bony landmark on the ilium

Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

Identify the bony landmark on the ilium

Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)

Identify the bony landmark on the ilium

Posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS)

Identify the bony landmark on the ilium

Body

Identify the bony landmark on the ilium

Iliac crest

Identify the bony landmark on the ilium

Greater Sciatic notch

Identify the bony landmark on the ilium

Iliac fossa

Identify the bony landmark on the ilium

Coccyx

Identify the bone of the appendicular skeleton

Sacrum

Identify the bone of the appendicular skeleton

Coxal bone (hip bone)

Identify the bone of the appendicular skeleton

Ischial tuberosity

Identify the bony landmark on the ischium

Ischial spine

Identify the bony landmark on the ischium

Lesser Sciatic notch

Identify the bony landmark on the ischium

Obturator foramen

Identify the bony landmark on the ischium

Body

Identify the bony landmark on the ischium

Pubic crest

Identify the bony landmark on the ischium

Head

Identify the bony landmark on the femur

Neck

Identify the bony landmark on the femur

Shaft (aka body)

Identify the bony landmark on the femur

Greater trochanter

Identify the bony landmark on the femur

Lesser trochanter

Identify the bony landmark on the femur

Intertrochanteric line

Identify the bony landmark on the femur

Intertrochanteric crest

Identify the bony landmark on the femur

Linea aspera

Identify the bony landmark on the femur

Medial condyle

Identify the bony landmark on the femur

Lateral condyle

Identify the bony landmark on the femur

Medial epicondyle (adductor tubercle)

Identify the bony landmark on the femur

Lateral epicondyle

Identify the bony landmark on the femur

Popliteal surface

Identify the bony landmark on the femur

Patellar surface

Identify the bony landmark on the femur

Medial condyle

Identify the bony landmark on the tibia

Lateral condyle

Identify the bony landmark on the tibia

Tibial tuberosity

Identify the bony landmark on the tibia

Shaft

Identify the bony landmark on the tibia

Anterior border (aka anterior crest)

Identify the bony landmark on the tibia

Soleal line

Identify the bony landmark on the tibia

Medial malleolus

Identify the bony landmark on the tibia

Fibular notch

Identify the bony landmark on the tibia

Medial border

Identify the bony landmark on the tibia

Head

Identify the bony landmark on the fibula

Shaft

Identify the bony landmark on the fibula

Lateral malleolus

Identify the bony landmark on the fibula

Psoas major

Origin: Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae (bodies, intervertebral disks)

Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

Action: Flexes thigh & flexes trunk

Innervation: L2 and L3 branches of lumbar plexus

Identify this muscle of the Iliac Region and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Iliacus

Origin: Upper 2/3 of iliac fossa

Insertion: Lesser trochanter with tendon of psoas major

Action: Flexes thigh

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Identify this muscle of the Iliac Region and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Gluteus maximus

Origin: Outer surface of ilium, adjacent post. surface of sacrum & coccyx

Insertion: Iliotibial tract; gluteal tuberosity

Action: Abducts, extends, and laterally rotates thigh

Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve

Identify this muscle of the Gluteal Region and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Gluteus medius

Origin: Outer surface of ilium inferior to iliac crest

Insertion: Lateral surface of greater trochanter

Action: Abducts and medially rotates thigh

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

Identify this muscle of the Gluteal Region and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Gluteus minimus

Origin: Outer surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal line

Insertion: Anterior surface of greater trochanter

Action: Abducts and medially rotates thigh

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

Identify this muscle of the Gluteal Region and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Tensor fascia latae

Origin: Outer lip of iliac crest between ASIS and iliac tubercle

Insertion: Upper part of iliotibial tract

Action: Abducts and flexes thigh

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

Identify this muscle of the Gluteal Region and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Pirformis

Origin: Internal surface of sacrum

Insertion: Upper border of greater trochanter

Action: Laterally rotates and abducts thigh

Innervation: 1st and 2nd sacral nerve

Identify this muscle of the Gluteal Region and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Obturator internus

Origin: Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones

Insertion: Common tendon with superior and inferior. gemelli to medial surface of greater trochanter

Action: Laterally rotates thigh

Innervation: Nerve to the obturator Internus

Identify this muscle of the Gluteal Region and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Gemellus superior

Origin: Spine of ischium

Insertion: With the tendon of obturator internus into upper border of the greater trochanter

Action: Laterally rotates thigh

Innervation: Branch of nerve to obturator internus from sacral plexus

Identify this muscle of the Gluteal Region and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Gemellus inferior

Origin: Upper margin of ischial tuberosity

Insertion: With the tendon of obturator internus into upper border of the greater trochanter

Action: Laterally rotates thigh

Innervation: Branch of nerve to quadratus femoris from sacral plexus

Identify this muscle of the Gluteal Region and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Quadratus femoris

Origin: Lateral border of ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Below intertrochanteric crest

Action: Laterally rotates thigh

Innervation: Nerve to the quadratus femoris

Identify this muscle of the Gluteal Region and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Obturator externus

Origin: Outer surface of inferior & superior rami of pubis, ramus of ischium

Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of femur

Action: Laterally rotates thigh

Innervation: Obturator nerve

Identify this muscle of the Gluteal Region and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Sartorius

Origin: ASIS

Insertion: Upper part of medial surface of shaft of tibia

Action: Flexes, abducts, external rotation of femur; slight internal rotation of leg at the knee joint after flexion

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Identify this muscle of the Anterior Thigh and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Rectus femoris

Origin: AIIS

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon

Action: Flexes thigh, extends leg

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Identify this muscle of the Anterior Thigh and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Vastus lateralis

Origin: Intertrochanteric line

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon

Action: Extends leg

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Identify this muscle of the Anterior Thigh and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Vastus medialis

Origin: Intertrochanteric line

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon

Action: Extends leg

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Identify this muscle of the Anterior Thigh and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Vastus intermedius

Origin: Anterior and lateral 2/3 of femur

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon

Action: Extends leg

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Identify this muscle of the Anterior Thigh and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Gracilis

Origin: Pubic ramus

Insertion: Upper, medial shaft of tibia

Action: Adducts thigh

Innervation: Obturator nerve

Identify this muscle of the Medial Thigh and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Pectineus

Origin: Superior ramus of pubis

Insertion: Lesser trochanter

Action: Flexes thigh, assists in adduction when hip flexed

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Identify this muscle of the Medial Thigh and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Adductor longus

Origin: Anterior pubis

Insertion: Linea aspera

Action: Adducts thigh, assists with medial rotation

Innervation: Obturator nerve

Identify this muscle of the Medial Thigh and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Adductor brevis

Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: Linea aspera

Action: Adducts thigh

Innervation: Obturator nerve

Identify this muscle of the Medial Thigh and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Adductor magnus

Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: Linea aspera, adductor tubercle of femur

Action: Adducts and extends thigh

Innervation: Obturator nerve

Identify this muscle of the Medial Thigh and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Biceps femoris

Origin:

Long head: Ischial tuberosity

Short head: Linea aspera

Insertion: Head of fibula

Action: Flexes knee;

Long head: Extends thigh

Innervation:

Long head: Tibial nerve

Short head: Common peroneal nerve

Identify this muscle of the Posterior Thigh and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Semitendinosus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Medial, superior tibia

Action: Flexes knee, extends thigh

Innervation: Tibial nerve

Identify this muscle of the Posterior Thigh and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Semimembranosus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Posterior, superior tibia

Action: Flexes knee, extends thigh

Innervation: Tibial nerve

Identify this muscle of the Posterior Thigh and its origin, insertion, action and innervation

Iliofemoral ligament

Identify this ligament from the Hip joint

Ischiofemoral ligament

Identify this ligament from the Hip joint

Pubofemoral ligament

Identify this ligament from the Hip joint

Iliolumbar ligament

Identify this ligament from the Hip joint

Sacrospinous ligament

Identify this ligament from the Hip joint

Sacrotuberous ligament

Identify this ligament from the Hip joint

Posterior sacroiliac ligaments

Identify this ligament from the Hip joint

Anterior sacroiliac ligaments

Identify this ligament from the Hip joint

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Identify this ligament from the Knee joint

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Identify this ligament from the Knee joint

Medial (tibial) collateral ligament (MCL)

Identify this ligament from the Knee joint

Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament (LCL)

Identify this ligament from the Knee joint

Patellar ligament

Identify this ligament from the Knee joint

Anterior Talofibular (ATF) ligament

Identify this ligament from the Ankle joint

Calcaneofibular (CF) ligament

Identify this ligament from the Ankle joint

Posterior Talofibular (PTF) ligament

Identify this ligament from the Ankle joint

Deltoid Ligament (Ant/Post tibiotalar, Tibiocalcaneal & Tibionavicular parts)

Identify this ligament from the Ankle joint

Superior extensor retinaculum & Inferior extensor retinaculum

Identify this ligament from the Ankle joint