PSYCH100 Unit Test 2

In essence, normative social influence arises from humans' fundamental____________

need for companionship, affection, and acceptance.

Which of the following collections of people best represents the social-psychological concept of a true group?

deliberating members of a twelve-person jury

In an alternative version of his original experiment, Stanley Milgram used two experimenters, who

began to disagree with each other when the participants administered 150 volts and the learner

began to complain. In this variation, participants refused to continue. This variation demonstrates the importance of _____ in influencing obedience.

normative influence

Groupthink occurs when groups value ________ over _________.

cohesiveness and solidarity; a realistic consideration of the facts

Social facilitation will most likely improve your public performance when __________.

the task is simple and well-learned

The presence of others will facilitate performance for __________.

Longan, who is washing his car as his neighbors watch

Bobby has played the harmonica for many years and is quite good at it. He finds that when he plays in front of a crowd he sounds even better than when he is practicing and trying his best alone in his bedroom. What can account for this difference in performance?

Social facilitation

From what we know about social loafing, it can probably be overcome by __________ .

making each individual’s output identifiable

We want to understand why Alex, who sees two classmates whispering to each other, assumes they are talking about him. Who is the perceiver in this scenario?

Alex, who is interpreting the classmates’ behavior

Which of the following best describes characteristics of a situation in social psychology?

A situation includes the social context, environmental cues, and other people that can influence an individual's behavior.

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of belonging to a group?

Groups help us develop personality traits that remain consistent across different situations.

What is group cohesion?

The degree to which group members feel connected to one another and want to remain part of the group.

Lilah chews mint bubble gum every day. After she gets the flu and feels nauseated she hates the taste of mint. This is an example of:

taste aversion conditioning.

Named after the Russian physiologist who first identified its basic principles, Pavlovian conditioning is also called

classical conditioning.

Superstitious behaviors, such as wearing a lucky ring or eating special foods prior to an important event, are best explained by

learning through reinforcement.

Whenever Maya finishes her homework, her parents allow her to play video games for an extra 30 minutes. Over time, Maya begins completing her homework more consistently.

Positive reinforcement, because Maya receives something desirable after completing her homework.

After being bitten by a dog, Alex begins to feel anxious whenever he hears a dog barking, even when no dog is nearby. Before the bite, the sound of barking did not make Alex feel anxious.

Alex has learned to associate the sound of barking with the painful experience of being bitten.

According to Piaget, the developmental processes that explain children’s cognitive development are measured by

how children reason, with fundamental changes tin thinking occurring in each stage

Cory’s dad hides his keys under her blanket. Cory quickly retrieves and starts playing with them. What Piagetian stage has Cory mastered?

sensorimotor

Adam is upset that his twin brother Ryan has two pieces of pie while he only has one. His Mom rightly states that it’s the same amount of pie it’s just that Ryan’s piece fell apart into two pieces as it was transferred onto the plate. Still not satisfied, Adam begins to throw a temper tantrum. In a moment of desperation, Adam’s Mom cuts his piece in half saying: “There, Adam, now you have two pieces!” This worked. Adam is now happy. What Piagetian Stage is Adam in?

preoperational

While traveling to the Canada from his home in Europe, Gunther often asks people, “Excuse me, can you please the time tell me?”  Even though people understand what he is asking and politely tell him the time, Gunther’s incorrect use of __________ threatens his attempts at communicating with others in a language that is foreign to him.

syntax

A student is learning a new language and discovers that the word “dog” refers to a familiar type of animal. She also learns the word “puppy” and understands that it refers to a young dog. Which concept best describes the mental store of words and their meanings that she is developing?

lexicon