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The ionosphere is the layer of the earth's atmosphere which contains a high concentration of ions and free electrons and is able to reflect radio waves, Quantum Electrodynamics (QED - explains how light and matter interact

Neils Bohr (Denmark), 1922, for his work on the structure of atoms and the radiation they emit

Robert Andrews Millikan (United States), 1923, for his famous oil drop experiment helped to precisely determine the charge of an electron (1.602 × 10^-19 C)

Manne Siegbahn, 1924, for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy

James Franck and Gustav Hertz (Germany), 1925, for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom

Jean Baptiste Perrin (France), 1926, his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium

C.V Raven (India), 1930, for his discovery of the Raman effect

Werner Heisenberg (Germany), 1932, for the creation of quantum mechanics

James Chadwick (United Kingdom), 1935, for the discovery of the neutron

Enrico Fermi (Italy), 1938, for his work on induced radioactivity

Cecil Frank Powell (United Kingdom) , 1950, development of the photographic emulsion method