Cell Organelles and Their Functions

This is the control center of the cell.

nucleus

This is made of DNA and is the storage area for all genetic information. (Humans have 46 of these.)

chromosomes

This is the site of protein synthesis in a cell. (makes proteins)

ribosomes

This porous structure surrounds the nucleus, keeping it intact.

nuclear membrane

This internal membrane system hugs the nucleus and is so extensive that it accounts for more than half the total membrane in a cell.

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

When newly formed proteins leave the rough endoplasmic reticulum, they are transported to this organelle, where the proteins are sorted and packaged.

Golgi apparatus

This part of the cell manufactures the ribosomal subunits. (Makes ribosomes)

nucleolus

This part of the cell is surrounded by a very thick outer membrane to protect the rest of the cell from its strong enzymes. It can also perform apoptosis and breaks down waste.

lysosome

The portion of the cell that exists outside of the nucleus and surrounds the organelles.

cytoplasm

The part of the cell that controls what enters and leaves the cell.

cell membrane

The part of the cell where chromosomes would be found.

inside the nucleus

This folded membrane connects to the nucleus.

ER

This part of the cell contains strong digestive enzymes to break down proteins, carbohydrates and lipids into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.

lysosome

These are the most numerous of the cell's organelles.

ribosome

This serves as the "powerhouse" of the cell and carries out cellular respiration.

mitochondria

The place where lipids are manufactured (made)

smooth ER

This part contains the instructions for making proteins and other important molecules.

DNA in the chromosomes in the nucleus

These three cell organelles are double membraned

Nucleus, Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

Which organelles are only found in a plant cell and not in an animal cell?

chloroplasts, leucoplasts, chromoplasts, central vacuole and cell wall

Bacteria cell walls are made of?

peptidoglycan

This is the semi-fluid portion found inside the nucleus.

nucleoplasm

Newly made proteins are inserted into spaces of this folded organelle where they are modified and shaped into functioning proteins.

rough ER

Two organelles assist an animal cell with cell division

centrioles and centrosome

Which organelles are found in an animal cell and not in a plant cell?

centriole, lysosome, centrosome, cilia and smaller more numerous vacuoles

This large structure in a plant cell is filled with water creating turgor pressure.

central vacuole

This is the site of photosynthesis in a plant cell.

chloroplast

These may be found free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

ribosomes

This part of the cell contains internal folds of membrane called cristae and provides energy for the cell (cellular respiration)

mitochondria

This part of the cell is involved with cell movement, cell shape and is made of microfilaments and microtubules.

cytoskeleton

This organelle has the unique ability to absorb the energy from the sun and convert it into a molecule of glucose.

chloroplast

This organelle contains pigments of all colors except green.

chromoplast

The type of endoplasmic reticulum to which no ribosomes are attached.

Smooth ER

This serves as a storage area inside an animal cell.

vacuole

This organelle is composed of tough, stringy cellulose fibers.

cell wall

The type of endoplasmic reticulum to which ribosomes are attached.

rough ER

This organelle is often found near the cell membrane; it consists of a stack of flattened sacs and sorts and ships proteins into vesicles before shipped out.

Golgi apparatus

This organelle helps to "clean up" or destroy any debris that might build up inside the cell.

lysosome

The cell walls of fungi are made of

chitin

This is the site of cellular respiration.

Mitochondria

This is an internal framework (made of microfilaments and microtubules) is a support system to give shape and organization to a cell.

cytoskeleton

What two structures give the plant the strength and support needed to stand upright?

cell Wall and central Vacuole

This part of the plant cell contains the green pigment chlorophyll and carries out photosynthesis.

Chloroplast

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share the following organelles.

cell membrane, genetic material (DNA/RNA), ribosomes and cytoplasm

A colorless plastid found in plant cells that are used for the storage of starch

leucoplasts

Eukaryotic cells have a true _________ and prokaryotic cells do not.

nucleus

Cell membranes are made of

phospholipids

Allow for movement of fluid in an animal cell

cilia

Example of prokaryotic cell

bacteria

Allows for movement of an entire cell (animal cell only)

flagella

Tiny carts that move proteins around in the cell from the ER to the Golgi apparatus

vesicles