Pediatrics APEA 3P Exam Study Guide Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards generated from the Pediatrics APEA 3P Exam Study Guide transcript covering developmental milestones, growth parameters, clinical assessment, and pediatric pharmacology.

2-Month Milestones

Gross motor: Lifts head when prone; Fine motor: Follows past midline; Language: Coos; Social: Social smile

4-Month Milestones

Gross motor: Head steady, rolls front to back; Fine motor: Reaches, hands to midline; Language: Laughs; Social: Enjoys looking around

6-Month Milestones

Gross motor: Sits with support, rolls both ways; Fine motor: Transfers hand to hand, raking grasp; Language: Babbles; Social: Stranger anxiety begins

9-Month Milestones

Gross motor: Sits alone, crawls, pulls to stand; Fine motor: Early pincer grasp; Language: "Mama, dada" without meaning; Social: Peek-a-boo, separation anxiety, object permanence

12-Month Milestones

Gross motor: Stands alone, first steps; Fine motor: Fine pincer grasp; Language: 1 to 3 words, "mama, dada" with meaning; Social: Waves bye-bye

15-Month Milestones

Gross motor: Walks well; Fine motor: Stacks 2 blocks, scribbles; Language: 4 to 6 words; Social: Points to show interest

18-Month Milestones

Gross motor: Runs, climbs stairs with help; Fine motor: Stacks 3 to 4 blocks, uses spoon; Language: 10 to 25 words, names body parts; Social: Pretend play begins

2-Year Milestones

Gross motor: Kicks ball, jumps; Fine motor: Stacks 6 blocks, copies a line; Language: 2-word phrases, 50 words, half understood by strangers; Social: Parallel play

3-Year Milestones

Gross motor: Pedals tricycle, alternates feet upstairs; Fine motor: Copies a circle; Language: 3-word sentences, three-quarters understood; Social: Group play, knows name and age

4-Year Milestones

Gross motor: Hops on one foot; Fine motor: Copies a cross; Language: Tells stories, fully understood; Social: Cooperative play

5-Year Milestones

Gross motor: Skips; Fine motor: Copies a triangle, prints letters; Language: Counts to 10; Social: Follows rules of games

Newborn Weight Trajectory

Newborns lose up to 10% of birth weight and regain it by 10 to 14 days.

Infant Weight and Length Growth

Birth weight doubles by 4 to 6 months and triples by 12 months. Length rises 50% by 12 months.

Fontanelle Closure Timing

Posterior fontanelle closes by about 2 months; anterior fontanelle closes by 12 to 18 months.

Growth Chart Selection

Measure head circumference to age 2. Use WHO growth charts to age 2 and CDC charts from 2 to 20.

Pediatric BMI Categories

BMI from age 2: overweight is the 85th to under 95th percentile; obesity is the 95th or higher percentile.

Pubertal Development and Precocious Puberty

Breast budding is the first sign in girls (age 8 to 13), with menarche about 2 years later. Testicular enlargement is first in boys (age 9 to 14). Earlier than 8 in girls or 9 in boys is precocious.

Primitive Reflexes Timeline

Moro, rooting, palmar grasp, and tonic neck fade by 4 to 6 months. Babinski may persist to 12 to 24 months.

Developmental Red Flags

Loss of any skill at any age; no single words by 16 months; no 2-word phrases by 24 months; not walking by 18 months.

Developmental and Autism Screening

General developmental screen at 9, 18, and 30 months; autism screen (M-CHAT) at 18 and 24 months.

Infant Physical Assessment Procedures

Ortolani and Barlow maneuvers for hips in infants; red reflex for eyes at every visit.

Innocent Murmur

Soft (grade 2 or less), systolic, musical, changes with position, child otherwise well.

Neonatal Pharmacokinetics

Dose by weight (mg/kg). Neonates have immature liver and kidney function, more body water, and thin skin that absorbs topical drugs readily.

Pediatric Supplementation

Vitamin D 400 IU daily for breastfed infants; iron supplement from 4 months if exclusively breastfed.

Pediatric Medication Restrictions

Avoid aspirin, tetracyclines under 8, codeine and tramadol under 12, honey under 1, and cough and cold products in young children.