Middle School English Language Arts (5047) Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards based on concepts, terminology, and content categories covered in the Praxis Middle School English Language Arts (5047) study guide.

Harlem Renaissance Representatives

A school of writers that includes Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, and Countee Cullen.

Aside

A dramatic device where a character speaks directly to the audience or to themselves, revealing inner thoughts or information that the other characters on stage are not supposed to hear.

Subordinating conjunction

A word or phrase that connects an independent clause to a dependent clause, establishing a relationship such as cause, condition, time, or contrast between the ideas (e.g., because, although, since).

Compound Sentence

A single sentence made by joining two or more independent clauses using a coordinating conjunction, semicolon, or conjunctive adverb.

Complex Sentence

A sentence containing one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

Ethos

A rhetorical appeal based on establishing credibility, character, or ethics.

Pathos

A rhetorical appeal based on emotion and empathy.

Logos

A rhetorical appeal based on logic, reasoning, and evidence.

Kairos

A rhetorical concept concerning the opportune moment, timeliness, and appropriateness for delivering a message.

Adverb clause

A dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb by providing details such as time, place, condition, cause, or concession.

Faulty parallelism

A grammatical error occurring when two or more elements in a sentence that serve a similar function do not share the same grammatical form.

British Romantics Representatives

A school of writers that includes John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Lord Byron.

Metaphysical Poets Representatives

A school of writers that includes John Donne, Andrew Marvell, and George Herbert.

Transcendentalism Representatives

A school of writers that includes Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.

Fable

A narrative that takes abstract ideas of behavior and attempts to make them concrete, where the chief actor is usually an animal or inanimate object behaving like a human to teach a moral lesson.

Haiku

A poetic form composed of 17 syllables that is often focused on nature.

Limerick

A poetic form composed of 5 lines of verse that follows a strict rhyme scheme and often features a nonsensical theme.

Personification

A literary device that involves giving human traits or behaviors to nonliving objects.

Simile

A figure of speech comparing two unlike things using the words 'like' or 'as'.

Bandwagon Fallacy

A logical fallacy based on the suggestion that one should join a cause or adopt a behavior because of its popularity.

Morphemes

Knowledge of the affixes, combining forms, and roots of words used to analyze word meaning and build vocabulary.

Writing Workshop

A teaching model where students work on self-selected topics at different stages of the writing process while receiving teacher and peer support.

Think-Pair-Share

An instructional strategy where students consider a prompt silently, discuss their thoughts with a partner, and then share ideas with the class.

Blog

An online Web-based communication tool that allows users to read and respond to posts.

Comma Splice

A grammatical error occurring when a comma is used incorrectly to separate two independent clauses.

The Red Badge of Courage

An 1895 novel by Stephen Crane set during the American Civil War that concerns a young soldier's psychological transformation in battle.

Bildungsroman

A literary genre focusing on the psychological and moral growth of the main character from youth to adulthood.

Reciprocal Teaching

An instructional activity where students lead reading sessions using predicting, clarifying, questioning, and summarizing.

Semantic Feature Analysis

A vocabulary strategy using a grid matrix to help students analyze and comprehend relationships among concepts and key terms.

RAFT Strategy

A writing strategy that helps students understand their Role, Audience, Format, and Topic for an assignment.

Extended Metaphor

A comparison between two unlike things that continues across multiple sentences, paragraphs, or lines of poetry.

Anticipation Guide

A series of statements given to students before reading to activate prior knowledge and stimulate interest.

Double-Entry Journal

A reading strategy where students record textual quotes on one side of a page and personal responses or analyses on the other.

Exit Ticket

A quick formative assessment tool collected at the end of a lesson to gauge student understanding.

Holistic Scoring

A method of evaluating student writing based on the overall quality of the composition as a whole.

Sentence Combining

An instructional technique designed to improve writing style by practicing joining short, simple sentences into complex ones.

Denotation

The explicit, literal dictionary definition of a word.

Connotation

The emotional, cultural, or implied association attached to a word beyond its literal dictionary definition.

Metacognition

The awareness and active control of one's own cognitive processes, or thinking about one's thinking.

Process Writing

An instructional approach emphasizing stages of writing (prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, publishing) rather than only the final product.

3-2-1 Prompt

A formative assessment technique where students reflect by writing three facts learned, two interesting points, and one remaining question.

Dangling modifier

A grammatical error occurring when an introductory modifying phrase lacks a clear, logical subject to modify in the sentence.

Subject-verb disagreement

A grammatical error that occurs when the subject of a sentence does not match its corresponding verb in number.

Gerund

A verbal ending in '-ing' that functions as a noun in a sentence.

Participle

A verbal that functions as an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun.

Infinitive

A verbal consisting of the word 'to' followed by the base form of a verb, functioning as a noun, adjective, or adverb.

Active Voice

A sentence structure where the subject performs the action expressed by the verb.

Passive Voice

A sentence structure where the subject receives the action expressed by the verb.

Subjunctive Mood

A verb mood used to express wishes, hypothetical situations, or conditions contrary to fact.

Conditional Mood

A verb mood indicating a state that depends on a condition, often using modal verbs like 'would', 'could', or 'should'.

Dramatic Irony

A literary situation where the audience or reader understands circumstances that the characters on stage or in the text do not.

Situational Irony

An event or situation in which the outcome is significantly different from what was expected or intended.

Verbal Irony

A figure of speech where a speaker says one thing but means the exact opposite, often expressing sarcasm.

Ellipsis

A punctuation mark of three sequential periods (…) used to indicate an omission of words or a trailing off of thought.

Third-Person Omniscient Point of View

A narrative vantage point where an all-knowing narrator can reveal the internal thoughts, feelings, and motivations of every character.

Third-Person Limited Point of View

A narrative vantage point where the narrator tells the story using third-person pronouns but only reveals the thoughts and perspective of a single character.

Old English Period (Anglo-Saxon Period)

The literary era spanning from 450 to 1066, characterized by oral traditions, heroic epics, and early Germanic influences.

Middle English Period

The literary era spanning from 1066 to 1500, following the Norman Conquest and marked by chivalric romances, religious writings, and vernacular works.

The Renaissance Period (British Literature)

The literary era spanning from 1500 to 1600, marked by humanism, a rebirth of classical learning, and a major flourish in poetry and Elizabethan drama.

Neoclassical Period

The literary era spanning from 1600 to 1785, influenced by classical Antiquity and emphasizing order, reason, logic, and restraint.

Romantic Period (British Literature)

The literary era spanning from 1785 to 1832, focusing on emotion, nature, individualism, sublime experiences, and imagination.

Victorian Age

The literary era spanning from 1832 to 1901 during Queen Victoria's reign, defined by social critique, moral earnestness, and the rise of the novel.

Edwardian Period

The literary era spanning from 1901 to 1914 between the death of Queen Victoria and WWI, often reflecting social transitions and satire of high society.

Georgian Period

The literary era spanning from 1910 to 1936, marked by poetry celebrating rural landscapes, pastoral themes, and traditional poetic structures.

Modern Period (British Literature)

The literary era in the early 20th century, characterized by experimental narrative techniques, stream of consciousness, and responses to modern war.

Postmodern Period (British Literature)

The literary era starting in the mid-20th century, marked by metafiction, fragmentation, irony, and the questioning of absolute truths.