19th century art in europe midterm

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15 Terms

1
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hierarchy of genres

history painting, portraiture, genre painting, landscape, still life

2
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“oath of the horatii”

  • by jacques-louis david

  • 1784

  • history painting

  • depicts the scene in which the 3 horatii brothers taking an oath to fight for and defend rome (not actually a part of livy’s original source text)

  • commissioned by the king

  • oil on canvas


<ul><li><p>by jacques-louis david</p></li><li><p>1784</p></li><li><p>history painting</p></li><li><p>depicts the scene in which the 3 horatii brothers taking an oath to fight for and defend rome (not actually a part of livy’s original source text)</p></li><li><p>commissioned by the king</p></li><li><p>oil on canvas</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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Winckelmann

  • thinks of art as the history of culture

  • thinks highest of ancient greek art and culture

  • big on whiteness

  • part of neoclassicist literature movement


4
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“Jean-Baptiste Belley”

  • by Girodet

  • 1797

  • oil on canvas

  • portrait depicting jean-baptiste belley, a black former slave who fought for the people of france during the french revolution and was a captain during the haitian revolution

  • has belley leaning on a bust of raynal, an abolitionist thinker

  • radical in its depiction of a powerful black man


<ul><li><p>by <span style="background-color: transparent;">Girodet</span></p></li><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">1797</span></p></li><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">oil on canvas</span></p></li><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">portrait depicting jean-baptiste belley, a black former slave who fought for the people of france during the french revolution and was a captain during the haitian revolution</span></p></li><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">has belley leaning on a bust of raynal, an abolitionist thinker</span></p></li><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">radical in its depiction of a powerful black man</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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portrait of madeline

  • by Benoist

  • 1800

  • oil on canvas

  • portrait of a black women, painted 6 years after the abolition of slavery in france (before it was reinstated by napoelon)

  • madeline herself did not sit for this portrait on her own accord

  • paired with the bishop reading: blushing, the historical desire to “know” a sitter of a portrait mirrors 19th century racist ideology


<ul><li><p>by Benoist</p></li><li><p>1800</p></li><li><p>oil on canvas</p></li><li><p>portrait of a black women, painted 6 years after the abolition of slavery in france (before it was reinstated by napoelon)</p></li><li><p>madeline herself did not sit for this portrait on her own accord</p></li><li><p>paired with the bishop reading: blushing, the historical desire to “know” a sitter of a portrait mirrors 19th century racist ideology</p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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romanticism

  • rebellion against the academy and neoclassicism

  • early 1800s

  • friedrich, constable, goya, gericault, delacroix, etc

  • emphasizes emotions and subjective experience over realism and representational styles

  • always evolving as a style/movement


7
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the sublime

  • romantic idea/concept

  • nature can inspire both beauty and terror, making the viewer aware of their smallness in comparison to the natural world


8
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“los caprichos”

  • series of prints by goya critiquing various elements of spanish society

  • 1799


<ul><li><p>series of prints by goya critiquing various elements of spanish society</p></li><li><p>1799</p></li></ul><p></p>
9
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“disasters of war”

  • series of prints/plates by goya in the 1810s–early 1820s

  • created in response to napoleon’s invasion of spain

  • focuses on the brutality of war and the suffering of ordinary people


<ul><li><p>series of prints/plates by goya in the 1810s–early 1820s</p></li><li><p>created in response to napoleon’s invasion of spain</p></li><li><p>focuses on the brutality of war and the suffering of ordinary people</p></li></ul><p></p>
10
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“address to the royal academy”

  • letter written by goya to the spanish royal art academy

  • critiques their practices and methods of teaching art

  • states that he believes that there are no rules in painting

  • students should not be forced to emulate a specific style or be subject to rigid schedules/routines


11
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“monk by the sea”

  • painted by friedrich in 1808–1810

  • romantic painting

  • meant to evoke the feeling of isolation and melancholy

  • monk figure is stand in for both the artist and the viewer


<ul><li><p>painted by friedrich in 1808–1810</p></li><li><p>romantic painting</p></li><li><p>meant to evoke the feeling of isolation and melancholy</p></li><li><p>monk figure is stand in for both the artist and the viewer</p></li></ul><p></p>
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“wanderer above the sea of fog”

  • 1818 painting by friedrich

  • most famous image of the romantic sublime


<ul><li><p>1818 painting by friedrich</p></li><li><p>most famous image of the romantic sublime</p></li></ul><p></p>
13
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“the hay wain”

  • 1821 romantic painting by constable

  • landscape

  • emphasizes beauty of nature

  • careful observation of natural spaces was kinda constable’s thing


<ul><li><p>1821 romantic painting by constable </p></li><li><p>landscape</p></li><li><p>emphasizes beauty of nature</p></li><li><p>careful observation of natural spaces was kinda constable’s thing</p></li></ul><p></p>
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“raft of the medusa”

  • 1818–19 romantic oil painting by gericault

  • massive scale

  • french government abandoned passengers


<ul><li><p>1818–19 romantic oil painting by gericault</p></li><li><p>massive scale</p></li><li><p>french government abandoned passengers</p></li></ul><p></p>
15
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la grande odalisque

  • 1814 oil painting by ingres

  • like THE orientalist painting

  • painted in a very neoclassical style

  • commissioned for napoleon’s sister

  • not painted from life; ingres never actually visited the orient

  • bizarre posture

  • very eroticized and inaccurate image of oriental culture


<ul><li><p>1814 oil painting by ingres</p></li><li><p>like THE orientalist painting</p></li><li><p>painted in a very neoclassical style</p></li><li><p>commissioned for napoleon’s sister</p></li><li><p>not painted from life; ingres never actually visited the orient</p></li><li><p>bizarre posture</p></li><li><p>very eroticized and inaccurate image of oriental culture</p></li></ul><p></p>