APHUG unit 3 test

Sociofacts

The way a society BEHAVES and organizes institutions

Manifests

The ideas, BELIEFS, values and knowledge of a culture

Custom

Frequent repetition of an act until it becomes characteristic of a group of people

Taboo

A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom

Cultural relativism

The idea that a culture should be viewed on the basis of that culture rather than against criteria of another

Ethnocentrism

Belief in the superiority of one’s own culture

Cultural traits

Visible and invisible attributes that combine to make up a group’s culture

indigenous culture

Traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups that is unlikely to change

Hearths of indigenous cultures

Anonymous or multiple hearths, exact dates of origin are usually unknown

Diffusion of indigenous culture

Slowly and moves on a small scale, usually when people migrate

Sense of place indigenous

Distinctiveness

Sense of place

the subjective feelings and memories people associate with an area

Global/pop culture

Large, heterogeneous groups of people, often living in urban areas that are interconnected through globalization and the internet

Original of global culture

Typically traceable to a specific person or place, often a product of developed countries

Diffusion of global cultures

Spread via technology, both hierarchical and contagious, rapidly

Placelessness

Loss of uniqueness of a place in the cultural landscape

Cultural landscape

The combination of natural, cultural, and economic elements that make up a landscape

Ethnicity

Identity within a group of people bound by common culture

Indigenous spaces

Areas shaped by original inhabitants who maintain their culture

Four attributes of placemaking

Sociability, uses and activities, comfort and image, access and linkages

Dialect

A variation of a standard language specific to a general area

Differences in dialect

Pronunciation, speed of speech, vocab, and spelling

Pidgin

A simplified version of the colonizers language to communicate

Creole

A pidgin that is officialized with more formal structure and vocabulary

Language family

Largest group of related languages that are connected through common ancient ancestry and trace back to a common hearth

Language branch

Languages that share a more common origin from thousands of years ago—separated from other languages in family and have unique but similar distinctions

Language group

Languages that share a more recent past with similar vocabs and some overlap—directional

Isogloss

A geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs

How are Arabic and Hebrew related

Through shared linguistic ancestry, regional hearths, and structural grammar

Kurgan warrior theory

Heart comes from euro mountains between Russia and Ukraine and spread through military conquest

Anatolian farmer theory

The hearth is in turkey—as people settled and farmed population grew which led to. Migration to Asia and Europe

Which theory is older

Anatolian farmer theory

Monotheistic religions

Christianity, Judaism,Islam, Sikhism,

Polytheistic religions

Hinduism

Christianity || hearth and spatial patterns

Hearth is Jerusalem and is found globally

Catholic spatial patterns

South and west Europe, Latin America

Orthodox spatial patterns

Eastern Europe and Central Asia

Protestants spatial patterns

Northwest Europe and North America

Buddhism || hearth and spatial patterns

Hearth —northern India and found in Mongolia, Nepal, Japan, Korea, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia

Roman Empire

Jewish people are forced out during Roman Empire and forced into south and east Europe

Islam || hearth and spatial patterns

Hearth is Mecca, Saudi’s Arabia and found in Middle East, North Africa, Central Asia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Indonesia

Sunni (larger branch)

Dispersed around the world

Shia branch

10-15% Iran and Iraq

Sikhism || hearth and spatial patterns

Hearth is Punjabi region in India and is found in southeast and south west Canada, pockets of west coast USA, southern tip of Great Britain

Hinduism || Hearth and spatial patterns

Hearth is Indus River valley and southwest India/pakistan found in Southeast Asia, Caribbean, Africa, Europe