week 1: human growth the development

what are the 6 domains of human development?

• physical

• motoric

• social/emotional

• cognitive

• communication and

• adaptive

what is development described as?

• a sequence of physical, psychosocial, and cognitive development changes

• consequence of integration of three aspects of change: growth, differentiation, and maturation

how is development described in indigenous cultures?

• the balance of spiritual, emotional, physical, and mental growth leading to maturation and well-being

what is considered normal development?

• a person who demonstrates expected physical and developmental maturation and physiological abilities across the 6 domains associated with age

how do changes occur?

• they can happen throughout an entire lifespan

• not just birth to physical maturation

how must change be contextualized?

• by culture and the environment that they occur in

what is the concept of development?

• development affects all areas of an individuals lifespan and impacts direct nursing care

what is the scope of concept?

• the extent to which development impacts an individual

what are the attributes applied to concept?

• qualities

• characteristics

• features

what does the scope of human development refer to?

• the range/extent/span of how a concept influences an individual

• i.e. expected, delayed or advances

• 6 domains

what are the attributes of human development?

• refers the qualities, characteristics, features applied to the concept of human development

• milestones

how is normal development described?

• an individual who demonstrates the expected developmental and physical maturation, physiological function, and expected tasks for their chronological age within or across the developmental domains

• range of normal (not everyone develops at the same speed)

physical/physiological

ex. Cystic Fibrosis

• body system and physiological condition

• respiratory unit

• excessive mucus in the lungs

• progressive and genetic

social/emotional

ex. autism

• developmental

• impact social relationship with society

• every other domain is fine

communication

ex. central auditory processing disorder

• cannot respond properly

motoric/motor

ex. Cerebral palsy

• developmental

• coordination and muscle control

• neurological disorder (brain damage)

  • right after birth

cognitive

ex. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

• cannot hear properly and response

adaptive

ex. traumatic brain injury

• could be paralyzed

• can’t do day to day

  • need adaptation

a different view

what do we know for sure in expected growth?

• physical growth

• differentiation

• maturation

what is physical growth classified as?

• quantifiable

what is growth represnted by?

• increase in cell size and number result sin increased size and weight

• head circumference

• body mass and depth

• range

what can we expect during differentiation?

• cells become specialized

• muscle, nerve, cell development all look different but have same start

• results in changes in both structures and function

what is maturation?

• developing adult-like behaviors, characteristics, and features

• increased in adaptability and competence

• goal is optimal function

• normal/expected vs abnormal

  • is further assessment needed?

what is the nursing role in development?

• understanding and assessing different aspects of an individual’s development to individualize the care they provide

why is it important for nurses to know when expected developmental progression is not occuring?

• so that they can start interventions to support individual to promote optimal development

  • not all age norms will be followed dependent on multiple circumstances

  • be mindful of ageism the social clock

  • cultural safety in care

what do we want to evaluate in human development?

• standards

• principles

• norms

• measurements

what is the developmental level?

• stage of development

  • ex. stage of epiphyseal long bone closure, post puberty, peri-menopause

• broader stage of where a person is ay

what is a developmental milestone?

• ability or specific skill that an individual accomplishes by a certain age range

  • sitting, walking, talking

why is both the developmental level and developmental milestone important for nursing assessment?

• provides a basis

  • can give specific markers

• we are able to use this criteria to guide our assessments (normal = expected)

how is care delivered in a developmental assessment?

• modified and tailored to specific person’s developmental stage

what are factors that can increase or decrease development?

• prenatal

• birth

• family

• etc.

what are critical or sensitive periods in a developmental assessment?

• greater sensitivity to positive or negative influences

• positive environment → promote healthy development

why are nursing assessments needed?

• may indicate need for further testing, goals for rehabilitation or strategies to promote enhancement or optimization

what are abnormal/unexpected findings in development?

• not meeting the developmental milestones in a range of what the predicted “normal” range is

• development could also be enhanced/advanced

  • observe pattern over time and consider the whole person

how to developmental delays vary?

• involved a 2.5 standard deviations in one or more areas or subcategories

• then you can say if development or delay → nurse don’t diagnose development or delay but can recognize

what is a screening test?

• a test conducted when there is an absence of specific signs or symptoms of a problem

• used to assess aspects of development to detect potential delays or abnormalities

what do standardized tests lead to?

• further specific assessment and intervention

what is the Denver developmental screening tests (DDST)

• infants and children

• assess gross and fine motor, language, personal-social skills, and milestones

• limitations include many false positives

social-emotional assessment?

• done in children

• modified checklist for autism in toddlers - young children (M-CHAT-R)

HEADSS assessment

• used for adolescent risk (home, education, activities, drugs, sex, potential for suicide)

older adults’ functional assessments

• basic activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living (BADLS, IADLS)

• to see what areas that they may need help with

explain the concept of human development

• refers to the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes that occur throughout an individual’s life, from conception to death

• continuous process involving growth, change, and adaptation throughout life

explain the meaning and potential benefit of a lifespan perspective to the study of human growth and development

• recognizes that human development is a lifelong process that begins at conception and continues until death

• helps nurses understand age-related changes and developmental milestones

identify the broad significance of knowledge of human development to the practicing nurse

• allows nurses to provide safe, individualized, developmentally appropriate, and holistic care across all stages of life