FMSC190S Exam 1 Prof Roy

According to the lecture, the term manhood was replaced by the term

masculinity in the early 1900s, which represented a shift in the way that

we think about men's experiences. "Masculinity" was created

A. To mark the time when boys passed through puberty to become adults.

B. To show how White American men could "earn" being a man when

compared to men in immigrant families

C. To allow men to express some feminine traits as well

B. To show how White American men could "earn" being a man when

compared to men in immigrant families

According to the lecture, hegemonic masculinity

A. legitimizes and justifies men's domination of women

B. expands the range of expressions of alternative ways of "being a man."

C. is achieved by almost all men who live like John Wayne or Rambo

A. legitimizes and justifies men's domination of women

(True/False) According to lecture, hegemonic masculinity means that there is one form of masculinity for men to work with in contemporary society, and little resistance to that dominant way of being a man.

False

According to lecture, the bundle of detrimental behaviors that we label as "toxic" are dangerous because they are contagious to multiple actors, including ...

A. Men themselves, through depression, stress, and substance abuse

B. Women, through misogyny and violence

C. Children and other men as well, through homophobia and violence

D. All the above

D. All the above

Psychologists discuss "precarious manhood theory" which is the idea that masculinity is like a currency that is earned or stolen, rather than a fixed trait. If masculinity is more fragile for some men than others, which men are more likely to behave in a more "toxic" way?

A. Middle schoolers who like to hang with their male friends and have not found girlfriends yet.

B. Middle age men who are dissatisfied with choices they've made for careers and family life.

C. Young men who are most worried about earning their status as men

C. Young men who are most worried about earning their status as men

(True/False) According to recent initiatives to create an alternative, progressive

masculinity, it is not uncommon that most men feel that there was a

moment when they "woke up, looked in the mirror and said 'I thought I knew what it meant to be a man. I thought I knew what it meant to be good. And I realize that I don't know either.'"

True

Hegemonic masculinity "works" by

A. Enforcing men's dominance only through violence and threat

B. Extensive compromise with women in families, marriages, and community life

C. Lack of complicity among institutions, such as the economy, schools, or health care

B. Extensive compromise with women in families, marriages, and community life

According to the lecture, what is true about young boys in early adolescence, with regards to relationships and social development?

A. Boys want to have close friendships and share intimacy

B. Boys do not have the same need for close relationships as girls

C. Boys develop a different sense of empathy and need for sharing than girls

D. Most boys grow emotionally illiterate

A. Boys want to have close friendships and share intimacy

According to lecture, boys' relationships shift dramatically later in adolescence. What challenges do they face?

A. Young men are warned to reject intimacy with their peers, and to make sure that their friendships are "no homo."

B. They are less trusting and fearful of betrayal in relationships with peers

C. Young men grow more isolated from each other, and as a result, more depressed

D. They are told to "man up" and accept conventional notions of masculinity

E. All of the above

E. All of the above

(True/False) According to lecture, many young men suffer "the loss of the relational," through which they learn that maturity means standing on your own - and limiting connections. Instead, what these fathers-to-be likely need is adult

forms of closeness, and not dislocation.

True

According to Kimmel, Guyland is a new stage of young men's lives, sitting between boyhood and manhood. The stage of boyhood gives boys little autonomy and makes them dependent on their parents. And in the stage of manhood, men learn to be responsible for others and to sacrifice for children. What best characterizes this new life stage between boyhood and manhood?

A. Clear rites of passage for all young men and public recognition of achievement in "becoming a man"

B. Lack of expectations and anxiety about school, work and identify

C. Encouragement to develop close relationships with women, children, and men of other ages

B. Lack of expectations and anxiety about school, work and identify

According to the lecture, Guyland is rooted in some core cultural beliefs,

which include

A. Sense of entitlement

B. Condemnation of violence in all forms

C. Disclosure of which of your peers is acting inappropriately

D. Open of how guys should really treat each other and young women

D. All of the above

A. Sense of entitlement as a guy

(True/False) According to lecture, it is just as important to understand that many boys become men in a place like Guyland, but also that girls become women living under the same Guyland code of expectations and experiences.

True

Which of the following perspectives might be most effective at

encouraging young men's engagement in close relationships?

A. What can you do? Boys will be boys

B. Step up! Be your own self-made man

C. It's okay to ask for directions and help

D. Men are from mars -- they're just completely different from women

C. It's okay to ask for directions and help

According to the lecture, what is true about differences in masculinities between racial or ethnic groups, in comparison to how masculinities differ within these racial or ethnic groups?

A. We can't generalize because each man is completely unique, regardless of race or ethnicity

B. Disparities in masculinity is always most stark between Black and White men

C. There may be greater differences within groups than between groups

C. There may be greater differences within groups than between groups

According to the lecture, what may be the greatest success story for Black

men and families over the course of the 20 century?

A. The rise of the Black middle class, with over half of all Black families in

middle-class status by 2000

B. The emergence of hip hop culture from the tired remains of the soul

generation

C. The eradication of racism and the end of concern over the safety of Black children's bodies and minds

A. The rise of the Black middle class, with over half of all Black families in

middle-class status by 2000

(True/False) According to the lecture, machismo reflects the struggle for Latino men about traditional expectations with masculinity and how they may change in contemporary US culture, with shifting gender attitudes, women's participation in the workforce and education, and new economic realities

True

According to lecture, what might be some concerns of Latino men that

affect their abilities to provide and care for their children?

A. Fear of applying for a license or driving and being questioned about

citizenship status

B. Fear of going to schools or hospitals and facing racism as immigrants

C. Fear of deportation upon encounters with authorities

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

According to lecture, the positive aspects of Latino men's masculinity are known as caballerismo. Caballerismo is complicated in that

A. It emphasizes respect for the protection and the dignity of family

(familismo)

B. Even men who have positive masculinity feel stress from looking for a good job and experiencing discrimination

C. Men with the highest stress were those who highly respected family life and remained under pressure with finances and discrimination

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

According to the lecture, why might White men in rural communities be more frustrated and anxious than White men in urban communities?

A. The Obama administration and the end of racism

B. Decline of traditional economies and fewer opportunities for breadwinner wages

C. The increasing success of women in education and the workforce

B. Decline of traditional economies and fewer opportunities for breadwinner wages

(True/False) The rise of white supremacy and the resistance to immigration might

suggest that the true crisis that we face is one of the definitions of

Whiteness, with White masculinity at the core of that debate

True

According to the lecture, how do White men socialize their children to be

White?

A. Fathers don't socialize their children to be White as much as encouraging them not to be Black, or Latino, or Asian.

B. They don't; it happens without any parental input.

C. Most fathers teach their children about the resilience of White culture, and how to stand up in support of the survival and strength of White families.

A. . Fathers don't socialize their children to be White as much as encouraging them not to be Black, or Latino, or Asian.

Kimmel interviewed Al, a 52-year-old divorced White father of three kids. Read his quote below. Which concept does it best illustrate?

Look, I thought if I did it right, did everything they asked of me, I'd be ok, you know. Play ball and you get rich; you'll get laid. And I did, man. For 30 years, I've been such a good ****ing soldier. And now these new laws about sexual harassment, about affirmative action? And now you're telling me, "Sorry but you aren't going to get all those rewards." Is that what you're telling me? Jesus. I wouldn't have done it if I knew I wasn't going to get those goodies. How can you just take it away from us? We've earned it! We paid our dues! We did everything you told us, and now you're saying we aren't getting the big payoff? And they are?! Are you kidding me? And now we're the enemy? We are getting royally screwed, guys (looking out at the rest of the men in the room). We are just so ****ed. Seriously I would have never had said "Sign me up" if I knew it wasn't going to get to reap the same benefits my father and my grandfather did. It all seems so unfair.

A. White supremacy

B. Aggrieved entitlement

C. Technomasculinity

D. Machismo

B. Aggrieved entitlement

According to the lecture, anger is associated with a strong male gender role identity, but not with a person's biological sex. As a result, what happens when men's identities are threatened?

A. Men may avoid fights with other men.

B. Men may look for ways to be socially dominant over women

C. Men express a greater preference for gender equity.

D. Men take stronger stands against prejudice and oppression due to sexuality, race, or gender.

B. Men may look for ways to be socially dominant over women

(True/False) According to the lecture, aspects of a dormant level of masculinity may emerge for many men when they are drunk.

True

According to the lecture, possessing a gun may be the fastest way for men to embrace a strong sense of dominant masculinity. What might be other reasons that many men own guns?

A. Beneath a mask of toughness, they are in fear of changes in society around them.

B. They have lost their roles as providers, so they fall back on the role of protector.

C. They like to hunt.

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

(True/False) According to lecture, interpersonal violence almost always starts and ends with men abusing their female partners, and few men have been victims of this type of relationship violence in their life times.

False

According to lecture (and researcher Victor Rios), what is "the youth control complex" and how does it impact the lives of young men of color?

A. The youth control complex involves not only police and legal courts, but school systems, surveillance agencies, community groups and businesses that label young men of color as prone to being offenders.

B. The youth control complex creates opportunities for jobs and education, to provide equality for young men of color.

C. The youth control complex involves community groups that work to break to school to prison pipeline and save boys from labeling as offenders.

A. The youth control complex involves not only police and legal courts, but school systems, surveillance agencies, community groups and businesses that label young men of color as prone to being offenders.

Dr. John Rich argues that we need to focus not on our perceptions of

what is wrong with young men as individuals, but on the contexts that

shape their lives. Which of his statements reflects this argument?

A. If we view young men as sick, we should send them to hospitals or mental health institutions to make them healthy again.

B. If we view young men as violent, we should send them to correctional

C. If we view young men as damaged, we should ask "who has caused you harm?" and work to change toxic environments in which they live.

C. If we view young men as damaged, we should ask "who has caused you harm?" and work to change toxic environments in which they live.

According to the lecture, women have much higher rates of depression and phobia than men. However, adding in which of the following might broaden the way that we understand how men express depression?

A. Rabid cheering for a sports team

B. Alcohol and drug abuse

C. Too much sleep

D. Bragging and boasting

B. Alcohol and drug abuse

According to the lecture, even what we assume is normal behavior for most men allows us to overlook mental health issues that are apparent in our daily lives. Which of the following is a problematic behavior that we overlook and attribute to "just the way men are"?

A. Crying a lot

B. Needing other people to feel good about themselves

C. Low self-esteem

D. Worrying a lot

E. Purposely injuring someone else

E. Purposely injuring someone else

According to the lecture, early experiences of trauma with men's own fathers can be a deep source of depression as men themselves age. In a process called "empathic reversal," some researchers and therapists argue that men can deal with depression by

A. Stop identifying with and trying to please the aggressive person who caused that trauma.

B. Realizing that feeling hurt and in pain as a young boy is appropriate and healthy.

C. Simply expressing their emotions and letting them go.

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

According the lecture, if personal silencing involves not knowing what's going on inside of you, and private silencing involves keeping quiet about it when you do know - what is "public" silencing?

A. Early morning Twitter shaming from the White House

B. Being contradicted and talked over by friends

C. Other people telling you to "be a man" and "suck it up"

C. Other people telling you to "be a man" and "suck it up"

(True/False) According to lecture, mortality rates for middle age White men and women have been increasing for 20 years. However, there are still major differences, with most of this increase occurring in the South and Southwest, but not in the Midwest or Northeast.

False

According to the lecture, what is the double standard of aging for men and women?

A. Women are seen as less feminine as they age, whereas age does not affect judgments of men's masculinity.

B. Men are seen as less masculine as they age, whereas age does not affect judgments of women's femininity.

C. Men and women are respected for being more attractive as they age.

D. Men are concerned that they will grow impotent as they age, but women do not care if men become impotent

A. Women are seen as less feminine as they age, whereas age does not affect judgments of men's masculinity.

According to lecture, women and men show differences in how they

physically age. These differences include

A. Men losing more hair and having thinner skin than women as they age

B. Women living five years longer than men, on average

C. Men less likely to drink, smoke, or be overweight than women as they age

D. Men having lower rates of chronic illnesses than women as they age

B. Women living five years longer than men, on average

According to lecture, why do many elderly men choose to live by

themselves later in life?

A. They have saved up enough money to afford their own housing later in life

B. They have weak ties to children and a non-existent network of friends

C. They qualify for new housing and income support programs as single adults

D. They feel constrained by marriage and raising children

B. They have weak ties to children and a non-existent network of friends

According to lecture, many studies of health disparities between Black

and White man have focused on how they cope with erectile disfunction. What has research shown?

A. Symptoms of erectile disfunction are similar to those for vascular and

coronary disease

B. Erectile disfunction leads men to have decreased satisfaction with physical aspects of their sex life

C. Men believe that resolution of erectile disfunction will have a strong impact on their relationships and emotional well-being as well

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

According to lecture, women and men's experiences with medical access are quite different.

A. Men have twice as many annual visits to a doctor as women do

B. More than half of all men have not gone to a regular check up in the previous year, whereas more women had check ups in previous years

C. Women are more reluctant to seek medical help if something was

bothering them, compared to men

B. More than half of all men have not gone to a regular check up in the previous year, whereas more women had check ups in previous years

According to lecture, there are some indications that men are "the weaker sex." These differences may be rooted in biological distinctions, including

A. More male fetuses are conceived, but at greater risk for stillbirth and miscarriage

B. Mortality rates are higher for newborn and premature baby boys

C. Boys are at higher risks for developmental disabilities and autism, hearing loss, and weaker immune systems

D. Boys and men recover more slowly from illnesses

E. All of the above

E. All of the above

According to the lecture, how do men stack up with regards to overall health disparities that vary by race and ethnicity?

A. Almost 1/3 of all men have no personal doctor.

B. Latino men are most likely not to have a personal doctor (almost 50%).

C. Almost 1/3 of all men report having poor mental health

D. All of the above are true

E. Only A and C are true

D. All of the above are true

According to the lecture, health disparities are complex across all racial and ethnic groups of men. For example, what are some of the unique findings regarding American Indian men's health outcomes?

A. Utilization of health care was the most prominent problem for these men

B. They had the highest household income and the lowest poverty rate of any group of men

C. Their health outcomes were especially marked by high rates of smoking and obesity, as well as the highest poverty rate and the second-lowest rate of educational attainment.

D. Unemployment and incarceration most dramatically affected their health outcomes.

C. Their health outcomes were especially marked by high rates of smoking and obesity, as well as the highest poverty rate and the second-lowest rate of educational attainment.

A military service member suffering from anxiety after deployment says he is embarrassed "because you feel small. You don't feel as strong as you used to. You feel defective." According to lecture on trauma, what might be driving these feelings of embarrassment?

A. Frustration about not being able to find a job

B. Fear about being afraid, depressed, or living with PTSD

C. Regret about not being a good soldier

D. No answer text provided

B. Fear about being afraid, depressed, or living with PTSD

According to the lecture, homicide survivors are friends, family and

community members who face the task of living on after a loved one is

murdered. In Jocelyn Smith's Baltimore-based study of 40 young men, which of the following are accurate findings?

A. On average, they experienced the deaths of three friends or family

members.

B. The largest number of young men witnessed deaths between the ages of 13 to 17

C. But many of these young men witnessed deaths at earlier ages, from 6-12.

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

According to Addis' reading, what are the two major approaches to help us understand why men's lives are often silent and invisible?

A. Evolutionary psychology/ neuroscience and economics

B. Evolutionary psychology/ neuroscience and social learning theory from psychology

C. Criminology and economics

D. Feminism and critical race theory

B. Evolutionary psychology/ neuroscience and social learning theory from psychology

(True/False) According to Addis' reading, men can share their problems and express their emotions, but only under the right circumstances - which differ for every man.

True

In his book, Coates describes "To be black in the Baltimore of my youth was to be naked before the elements of the world, before all the guns, fists, knives, crack, rape, and disease." How does his upbringing differ from the context of his son's youth?

A. "The Dream" of White privilege is no longer a concern for his son

B. His son grew up in a safer community, with fewer threats to his body or mind

C. His son will not encounter threats to his body or mind as a young Black man

D. He is comfortable telling his son not to fear for himself

B. His son grew up in a safer community, with fewer threats to his body or mind

In his book, Coates states "the price of error is higher for you [Samori]

than it is for your countrymen, and so that America might justify itself, the story of a black body's destruction must always begin with his or her error, real or imagined." In assigning error and blame from reports of Black people who are killed by police, what are the lessons that Coates as a father may be trying to pass on to his son?

A. You will be blamed for any wrongdoing that justifies police action against you

B. Always trust the police to do what is right, because they are here to protect

C. Facts and truth are on your side in interactions with authorities

D. No answer text provided

A. You will be blamed for any wrongdoing that justifies police action against you

In his article on White fathers, Kimmel argues that their anger is rooted in a sense of "aggrieved entitlement." Why are they aggrieved, and why do they feel entitled?

A. Media and politics has pushed them from anxiety to anger

B. Men feel that they are no longer entitled to what they should receive, as men, because of economic changes

C. Men feel that women and minorities receive more than White men do in US society

D. All of the above

E. B and C only

D. All of the above

According to the Sexton reading, which of the following is true?

A. In regions with growing rates of unemployment and divorce, men feel "less of a man" when they lose traditional roles as provider and

breadwinner

B. As a boy, the author felt estranged from his father because he was a sensitive bookworm.

C. As an adult, the author felt close to his father when he drank, took risks, got arrested, and aspired to be a rebel.

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

According to the Urban Dictionary, what does "man up" mean?

A. To take Prof. Roy's course, regardless of being a man or a woman

B. To be build up enough courage to accept adversity and responsibility

C. To fulfill your responsibilities as a man, despite insecurities and constant ability to place yourself in embarrassing and unmanly scenarios

D. All of the above

C. To fulfill your responsibilities as a man, despite insecurities and constant ability to place yourself in embarrassing and unmanly scenarios

What was Oxford Dictionary's "word of the year" for 2018?

A. Mansplain

B. Toxic

C. (S)hero

D. Technomasculinity

B. Toxic

what is the "package deal" that defines good fathering

Married man , breadwinner, coresiding wife/children

○ Wife, kids, house, job, lawn to mow... means successful good father

What is nurturance, relative to men's parenting?

○ Care- physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual

• Fathers have to be responsive to their kids

• Nurturance is what we want to encourage men to do

○Measurement of father involvement- Direct interaction, accessibility, responsibility

How do we take constrained circumstances into account when we study fathering?

agency and structure

○ 4 conditions that affect father involvement:

1. Motivation (Drive to be a father)

2. Skills (to be a father? are you patient?)

3. Social supports (you have the fam members available to help you? is your partner with you?)

4. Institutional barriers (legal systems, schools? keeping you from being a father)

i.e., (how social structures intersect with men's volition and ability to act)

Social Structures intersect w/ men's volition & ability to act

Give an example of how fathering is a social arrangement.

○Mothers are a biological necessity, but fathers are a social invention

○Fathers have to make a network of other fathers/parents,

○Fathering begins with men themselves

○Network of coparents, family and extended kin, friends

○Requires an array of critical partnerships between fathers and other adults

What are the different types of bonds between fathers and children?

1. Behavioral: being there, shared activities in shared space (but technology has changed/ added)

2. Cognitive: teaching and learning, reciprocity

3. Emotional: rituals, sharing special moments, create "we-ness" with claims for time, commitment, affection

4. Ethical or spiritual: sharing similar values that open up to other kinds of bonds

Why are fathers motivated to have a relationship with their child?

Paternal consciousness and transition to fatherhood

◦ Reflecting on own parenting

◦ Reflecting on how they were parented

◦ Own trial fathering experiences ◦Physiological and behavioral changes prior to and subsequent to birth

How to fathers maintain their bonds despite living at a distance from their children?

1. Working fathers

○ Paternity leave policy- extensive use in Europe

○ Research shows leave boosts mens practical and emotional investment in child care

2. Military fathers

○ Challenge of deployment and dual role as a soldier/ father

○ Use of technology to help bond

3. Incarcerated fathers

○ Visitation limited, contact limited

○ Phone calls, letters- other?

How is men's health related to their children's health?

Men's resistance to pay attention to their health

◦ Related to "being a man" and not seeking help?

Men's poor health translates into children's poor health

◦ Overweight, smoking, drug abuse, poor eating

Contextual factors

Markets, parks, organized sports, health care facilities

Why is it important to consider how coparenting relationships are distinct from partnering relationships?

Sense of "us" emerges from shared co-parenting, but not shared intimacies or visions as partners

Co-parenting relationships can bring more hardships and stress on the child if the co-parenting relationship is a result of a divorce or bad/unstable relationship.

Which challenges do couples face when they have a child prior to commitment to their relationship?

"Incomplete relationships"

Importance of paternity establishment

Lack of trust

Maternal gatekeeping

Manage and control over paternal access

Child support

New partners

Babymama drama

What is maternal gatekeeping?

◦Manage and control over paternal access

◦ Linked to attitudes, identity

How do fathers define babymamadrama

• Draft in and out of multiple statuses

○ Cohabitation, romantic involvement, friendship, lack of contact

• Complex family arrangements and unresolved commitments

○ Together but not together

• Multiple partner fertility family vs serial parenting

how does multiple partner fertility shape both coparenting and partnering?

Coparenting with two different mothers can become complicated because they might spend more time with one family with another, can raise financial concern

Historically, what has been the great unifier in fathers' lives?

Breadwinning

How did White fathering in the North and the South change during industrialization in the late 1800s?

North

1. named kids different names, not family names

2. child nurtured focus, mother dominated, use of guilt

South:

1. emotional investment fathers had w/ their kids , named kids: lineage and honor: names they knew from fam in past. All about the name; black people had no legal control over their children

2. religious reevaluation of children

During slavery, how did Black fathers' lack of control over their children's lives shape their parenting?

slavery: black fathers: inability to shape child's future bc slavery// they had no legal control over their kids // could not name their children

20% breakup of marriages

30% > live apart from kids during slavery (large plantations)

no legal control over children = made fathers completely different than any other father :(

there are majority of black slave families = 2 parent families

2 parents families were very prevalent in black farms in the south

black fathers left families and went to find work = when slavery ENDED! = more control over kids lives but saddened by the fact that they had to leave their family/kids to go find work

rural to urban communities = after reconstruction etc

How did government policies stereotype and take authority from immigrant and working class fathers in the early 1900s?

Government policies took authority from immigrant and working class fathers bc fathers could not relate to old culture or new culture, children became head of family as they translated culture to their parents. However, children grew up to be ashamed of parents because of their lack of American culture.

What is sex role identity and how is it related to men's roles in households?

Acquiring proper sex role traits, attitudes, interests: men have to teach their son how to act and teach their daughter how to be treated by men

How was the new fatherhood of the 1930s a reaction to World War 2 and women's changing roles in society?

Working class men had to go to war and upper class men didn't have to until 30 so they didn't marry till later. Women became responsible for moral support in the household.

How were fathers' experiences at the core of crises of the Great Depression?

Unemployment rate was 23%, no longer able to provide for the family financially

How did the baby boom reassert men's place within families

led to rising affluence and rapid suburbanization, men had to reaffirm their masculinity bc of the amount of doubt, men had to reestablish breadwinning.

how did fathers embrace consumerism in order to be successful parents?

Success = men's ability to satisfy family's consumer desires

There was consumption and conformity.

How did women's entry into work in the early 1980s change fatherhood for men?

1. Begins to break the link between fatherhood and manhood

2. Transformation of household economy

How does the new fatherhood of the 1990s go further than previous versions of new fatherhood half a century earlier?

1. Challenge men to share equally in nurturance and daily care

2. Middle class strategy of survival

What is kin work, and how do fathers act as kin workers?

Kin work

◦ Ways in which adults and older children offer support for daily living, social mobility, and care of younger children

◦ These tasks regenerate families, maintain lifetime continuities, sustain intergenerational responsibilities, and reinforce shared values

Fathers build and receive support from kin system

◦ Resources to forge identity and to secure involvement ◦ Create shared expectations for behavior, trust ◦ Open up reciprocal parenting relationships that are not biologically-tied

How do paternal kin help to socialize young men to fathering, prior to having children?

1. "Man of the house" in female-headed households

2. Caregiving is male activity

How do paternal kin support young fathers, but also drain their resources?

1. Provide day to day support

2. Restrict access to children, financial commitments, divided loyalties

What challenges to maternal kin present to both young unmarried fathers and older married fathers?

1. Negotiation for younger fathers

2. Authority for older fathers

3. Young fathers and unmarried fathers may face challenges to maternal kin bc there may be differences in expectations from both families and it could lead to issues. Could be blocked from maternal kin if the father is a risk to the child.

How do men reflect back on their relationships with their own fathers in building a legacy for their children?

Intergenerational reciprocity

◦ Between siblings, between grandparents/parents/children

◦ These tasks regenerate families, maintain lifetime continuities, sustain

intergenerational

responsibilities, and reinforce shared values

Fathers create something larger than they are

◦ Sense of belonging and identity for children

◦ Link back to relationships with their own fathers

◦ Creating a legacy even if their own father was absent...

What assumptions does the Fragile Families study make about family structure, and how might these assumptions stand in contrast to the reality of men's relationships in low-income families?

Only took into account mothers and fathers while leaving out any possible ties to other family members/role models a child could still have access to.

Why is it important that we pay attention to differences between racial/ethnic groups of fathers, as well as differences within racial/ethnic groups?

Distinct disparities between races ◦ But perhaps more variation within groups

What might be the most important shift, since 1900, in Black family life that shapes Black fathering?

??? ending of slavery??

Racial socialization should be the most important shift since 1900

What is machismo?

traditional and non-traditional gender attitude

Characteristics, values, actions all associated with being the man of the house in latino culture

How do Latino fathers confront challenges in citizenship status during their daily lives?

If undocumented, they may fear deportation everyday, have issues finding a job or providing for their family

Labor migration pulls them away from families

How might might anger and frustration differentiate White fathers in different social classes or urban/rural locations?

White fathers with a higher social class may have different frustration with their kids and family because that have a different life style. They might be more concerned with their children's education or their appearance in society.

Whereas white fathers with a lower social class or from a rural location may be more concerned with their children carrying their family name or making an income for the family.

How do norms of masculinity affect boys' friendships in late adolescence?

-"When you grow up your heart dies"

-Boys become fearful of betrayal and less willing to have these relationships

-Become more lonely and depressed

-Conventions of masculinity: "man up"

-Implicit homophobia and sexism: "no homo"

What is the loss of the relational, and how does it shape young men's relationships with women and men?

-Maturity and connection are set up as opposites

-But boys need adult forms of closeness, not dislocation

-Crisis of boys, or crisis of connection?

-Loss of relationship

To mother ◦ To self ◦ To others

What is Guyland, and how is it a new stage of life that determines how young men move into adulthood and ultimately fatherhood?

Guyland: "Bros before hos"

•Lack of norms in new stage of life

•Not dependency, lack of autonomy (boyhood)

•But not sacrifice and responsibility (manhood)

•Elements of the Guy Code

•Entitlement (but little power)

•Silence in the face of violence

•Protection

•Masculinity as consumers, not workers and providers

•Male intensive environments (but "no homo")

•Sports, video, porn, drinking

•Hooking up: vagueness, spontaneity, alcohol, no expectations

•Predatory sex based on the Guy Code

•Guyland is where boys become men, but where girls

become women as well

According to the New York Times, how is a person's definition of equality shaped by their gender, or their politics? How does this definition of equality then shape parenting?

1. Republicans believe women have it better than men

2. 93% of people surveyed want equality for women

3. Men that are aware & have open eyes to the inequality may change their actions; becoming more active in helping raising their children

According to Dr. Michael Lu, our guest speaker, why is the "F" not included in "MCH"?

F = fathers , MCH=maternal child health

There is a gap in the perceived importance of a mother and father

According to authors Silverstein and Auerbach, if fathers are considered to be essential to childrearing, how would be assess the experiences of single mothers, gay dads, or cohabiting couples?

If we consider father's essential, the implications would be that children cannot grow up properly in homes without a father such as single mother home or even dual mother homes (lesbian relationships) and they will always be lacking something.

According to Griswold, why did fathers turn to Angelo Patri's "Our Children" column to ask questions about their fathering during the 1920s and 1930s? (p. 108)

middle class were highly self concious about parenting

What may happen if fatherhood becomes increasingly voluntary in contemporary America? (p. 230)

the role of fathering and breadwinning in male identity will decline

According to the Roy, Dyson, & Jackson reading, who often teaches young African American men "how to be a father"? (p. 50). How do these lessons continue into support for young men's parenting, and even into later life, with support for aging parents?

Mothers taught them

Mothers become grandmothers and help

According to Coates, what challenges do Black fathers face in protecting their children - physically and emotionally - from racism, oppression, harm to their bodies, and the damages that can be inflicted by "the Dream"?

They have little control or ability to protect their black children and must find a way to convey this and the dangers of being black to their children without leaving them hopeless and feeling like it is impossible to have a good life.

According to Kimmel, what is aggrieved entitlement?

White male Americans fear they are losing their place in the world to immigrants and women. They were raised to believe that this was "their" country, simply by being born white and male, they were entitled to a good job by which they could support a family as sole breadwinners, and to deference at home from adoring wives and obedient children.

As White fathers move from anguish to anger at the courts or at women themselves, what are the actual forces that Kimmel argues keep men from being the fathers that they want to be? (p. 147)

combination of an unyielding workplace and an ideology of masculinity that promotes robotic stoicism over nurturing, competition over patience, aggression over justice.

Men's rights > Fathers' rights

men are changing more as fathers than as husbands

True barriers: workplace and masculinity