repro lab midterm ?

In which part of the female reproductive tract does the fertilization occur?

Oviduct

Male gametes are called __, female gametes are called __

Sperm, oocytes

Name two functions of the placenta

-provide nutrients

-connect to uterine wall

How long is the pregnancy of the elephant?

22 months

What structure directly supplies the nutrients to the embryo and fetus?

Placenta

What is the main source of movement of the sperm cells through the uterus?

Contractions of the female tract

What is the cause of female animals in a group, being able to synchronize their reproductive cycles?

Pheromones

List three obstacles sperm cells must overcome in order to make it to the site of fertilization

-fitting all in small spaces

-being able to travel that long

-acidity if the vaginap

Sperm cell motility is important for penetration into the oocyte

True

What is the most acidic part of the female reproductive tract?

Vagina

The urinary system and reproductive tract share a common pathway at the beginning of the vagina known as the __

Vestibule

Oviduct contractions help push sperm towards the uterus

False

What part of the female tract acts as a “gateway” to the uterus?

Cervix

What is the Ampullary Isthmic Junction (AIJ)

Physiological site of fertilization

What species has a corkscrew-shaped cervix?

Pig

When would thin watery mucous present in the cervix?

Ovulation

Testes need to be at least __ degrees Fahrenheit lower than normal body temperature?

None of the above

What species is missing the ampulla?

Porcine

Which of the following is not a paired structure?

Scrotum

Which of the following would NOT have a sigmoid flexure penisl ?

Stallion

which of the following is NOT an accessory seg gland?

ampulla

the vaginal tissues of a mare is tougher (less likely to tear) than the rectal tissue

true

when using an ultrasound, the presence of fluid may be seen in the uterus when…?

all of the above

you must be extremely sterile when performing a rectal palpation or ultrasound on a mare

false

you would want to AI, a single ovulation animal, within 24-48 hours when…

a large Graafian follicle is present

a large white round object is seen on the ovary during an ultrasound. most likely, what is this object?

corpus luteum

gross examination of semen requires no special equipment and can be done to evaluate all of the following EXCEPT

motility, color, concentration, morphology, none of the above

none of the above

the cell stage of the conceptus is totipotent at this stage

zygote

differentiation has begun. embryo no longer totipotent, 16 to 32 cell stage

morulla

for the two-cell stage, until differentiation is complete

embryo

fluid begins to collect in the intracellular spaces and forms a cavity, humans reach this stage at day 5

blastocysts

term for the conceptus after differentiation is complete until parturition

fetus

what part of the female reproductive tract does the embryo implant at ?

uterus

where in the male do the spermatozoa cells complete maturation?

epididymis/tail

horses and bulls have a muscular vascular penisl

false

which part of the vas deferens is absent in the boar?

ampulla

testes need to be __ degrees lower than body temperature

4

what is another name for the prepuce?

sheath

which disease is shown by animals in ovulation and can cause abortions in humans

brucellosis

which disease is a protazoa?

trich

abortion storms and dark reddish colored urine are signs of what disease in cattle

leptospirosis

IBR can be transmitted by ingestion, inhalation, and direct contacts

true

how many days does it take for the embryo in cattle to drop down into the uterus from the oviduct?

4-7

describe the importance of the sperm cell (head)

-holds the male’s DNA

-part that penetrates the oocytes

describe the importance of the sperm cell (neck)

-links head to tail

-produces energy for movement

describe the importance of the sperm cell (tail)

propels the sperm forward

3 ways the male regulates testicular temperature

-pampiniform plexus

-scrotum

-sweat glands

why must breeding doses have a minimum amount of progressively motile cells?

so there is a good amount of sperm cells that can swim towards the oocytes

what does zoonotic mean?

it is a disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans

why is zoonotic a problem?

it can cause the handlers to become sick, too

what is the glans penisl homologous to in the female?

clitoris?

in what cell division does the diploid chromosome number stay the same?

mitosis

what hormone would not be given to a mare to control estrus cycles?

melatonin

the CL in a non-functioning structure

false

a smaller scrotal circumference can lead to a decrease in production performance

true

GROSS EXAMINATION OF SEAMEN, REQUIRES NO SPECIAL EQUIPMENT, AND CAN BE ODNE TO EVALUATE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

motility, color, concentration, morphology, none of the above

color

TESTES NEED TO BE __ DEGREES FERENHEIT LOWER THAN NORMAL BODY TEMPERATURE?

~12,4,1-2, there does not need to be a temperature difference

~4

WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR THE PREPUCE?

sheath, ampulla, scrotum, cremaster

sheath

WHERE IN THE TESTIS DO SPERM CELLS BEGIN OR START MATURATION?

epididymis, scrotum, seminiferous tubules, rete testies

seminiferous tubules

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD NOT HAVE A SIGMOID FLECURE IN THE PENIS?

stallion, bull, boar, ram

stallion

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT AN ACCESSORY SEX GLAND?

parenchyma, prostate, bulbourethral, seminal vesicles

parenchyma

THE VAGINAL TISSUE OF A MARE IS TOUGHER (LESS LIKELY TO TEAR) THAN THE RECTAL TISSUE

true, false

true

WHEN USING AN ULTRASOUND, THE PRESENCE OF FLUID MAY BE SEEN IN THE UTERUS WHEN…?

when the animal is in heat, when the animal is producing extremely high levels of estrogen, when there is an infection present, all of the above

all of the above (when the animal is in heat, when the animal is producing extremely high levels of estrogen, when there is an infection present)

YOU MUST BE EXTREMELY STERILE WHEN PERFORMING A RECTAL PALPATION OR ULTRASOUND ON A MARE

true, false

false

YOU WOULD WANT TO AI, A SINGLE OVULATION ANIMAL, WITHIN 24-48 HOURS WHEN…

a corpus luteum os present, there are many small follicles present, a very large graafian follicle present, a corpus hemorrhagicum present

a very large graafian follicle present

A LARGE WHITE ROUND OBJECT IS SEEN ON THE OVARY, DURING AN ULTRASOUND. MOST LIKELY, WHAT IS THIS OBJECT?

corpus luteum, embryo, artery, edema, follicle

corpus luteum

WHAT STRUCTRE WAS PRESENT ON SADIES OVARIES?

corpus hemorrhagicum

WHAT IS THE MOST ACIDIC PART OF THE FEMAL REPRODUCTIVE TRACT?

cervix, ovary, vagina, uterus

vagina

THE URINARY SYSTEM AND REPRODUCTIVE TRACT SHARE A COMMON PATHWAY AT THE BEGINNING OF THE VAGINA KNOWN AS THE __?

vulva tract, vestibule, vas deferans, venerial

vestibule

OVIDUCT CONTRACTIONS HELP PUSH SPERM TOWARD THE UTERUS

true, false

false

WHAT PART OF THE FEMALE TRACT ACTS AS A “GATEWAY” TO THE UTERUS?

vagina, vulva, ovary, cervix

cervix

WHAT IS THE AMPULLARY ISTHMIC JUNCTION (AIJ)?

physiological site of fertilization, site of sperm deposition, where the embryo implants into the uterus, anatomical site of fertilization

physiological site of fertilization

WHAT SPECIES HAS A CORKSCREW SHAPED CERVIX?

swine

WHEN WOULD THIN WATERY MUCOUS PRESENT IN THE CERVIX?

high levels of estrus/ ovulation

ONE CELL STAGE OF THE CONCEPTUS, TOTIPOTENT AT THIS STAGE

zygote, fetus, embryo, blastocyst, morula

zygote

DIFFERENTIATION HAS BEGUN, EMBRYO NO LONGER TOTIPOTENT, 16 TO 32 CEL STAGE

zygote, fetus, embryo, blastocyst, morula

morula

FROM THE TWO-CELL STAGE, UNTIL DIFFERENTIATION IS COMPLETE

zygote, fetus, embryo, blastocyst, morula

embryo

FLUID BEGINS TO COLLECT IN THE INTRACELLULAR SPACES AND FORMS A CAVITY, HUMANS REACH THIS STAGE AT DAY 5

zygote, fetus, embryo, blastocyst, morula

blastocyst

TERM FOR THE CONCEPTUS AFTER DIFFERENTIATION IS COMPLETE UNTIL PARTURITION

zygote, fetus, embryo, blastocyst, morula

fetus