Forces

Vector

measurements with magnitude and direction

scalar

measurements with magnitude but no direction

velocity

measurement of speed but with a direction (vector)

acceleration

the rate velocity is changing (can be positive or negative)

Contact force

when two forces make physical contact

non-contact force

when objects affect each other but are not in physical contact and acts through a field

balanced forces

the forces acting on a certain object is balanced and will continue to do what it is already doing without change

unbalanced forces

where forces are not balanced and the speed and direction can change

newton’s first law

an object at rest will stay at rest and one at motion will stay in motion unless acted on by an external unbalanced force

inertia

same as newton’s first law: an object at rest will stay at rest and one at motion will stay in motion unless acted on by an external unbalanced force

Normal force

when two objects push against each other

newton’s second law

the larger the force, the larger the acceleration and it’s harder to accelerate a heavy object rather than a light object

Newton’s second law formula

F = M x A (force = mass x acceleration) can be swapped

friction

the force that acts against objects that are attempting to slide against each other

buoyancy

the force that pushes you up in water because you are denser

air resistance (drag)

friction that relates to air,

gravity

the force that causes objects to be attracted to be each other

weight formula

w = m x g (weight = mass x gravity

static electricity

where friction causes electrons to jump from one object to another

triboelectric series

ranks whether a material is more likely to gain or lose electrons

ferromagnetic

metals that can be turned a magnet for a long time

magnets

always have a north and south pole and attract opposite poles

electromagnets

coil of wire with electricity passing through, can change magnetism