Autonomic Nerves in Human Anatomy: Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic Functions and Pathways

What are the two types of peripheral nerves?

Somatic and Autonomic

What type of functions do somatic nerves control?

Voluntary functions

What type of functions do autonomic nerves control?

Involuntary functions

How many nerves are involved in autonomic pathways?

Two nerves linked by a synapse

What is the primary role of efferent nerves?

To transmit motor signals from the CNS to target organs

What is the primary role of afferent nerves?

To transmit sensory signals from the body to the CNS

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?

To prepare the body for 'fight or flight' responses

What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

To promote 'rest and digest' activities

Where do sympathetic nerves typically synapse?

In the sympathetic trunk or prevertebral ganglia

Where do parasympathetic nerves typically synapse?

In or near the walls of their target tissues and organs

What effect do parasympathetic nerves have on the digestive tract?

They signal for secretion of fluids and contraction of smooth muscle

What effect do sympathetic nerves have on the digestive tract?

They stop the secretion of fluids and muscle contraction

What effect do parasympathetic nerves have on the cardiovascular system?

They slow heart rate and dilate arteries

What effect do sympathetic nerves have on the cardiovascular system?

They increase heart rate and constrict arteries

What type of communication occurs at synapses?

Electrochemical communication between nerve cells and with tissues

What is referred pain in the context of autonomic sensation?

Pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus, often due to autonomic nerve pathways