MEDI 101 muscular system 3 & 4

Parallel

• type of fascicle

• Fascicles run parallel to the Long axis of the muscle

• ex. sartorius (strap-like) and biceps brachii (fusiform)

Convergent

• Origin of the muscle is broad

• fascicles converge toward the tendon of insertion

• ex. Pectoralis major

Unipennate

• Fascicles insert into one side of the tendon

• ex. Extensor digitorum longus

frontalis

• which muscle raises the eyebrows?

orbicularis oculi

• which muscle closes the eyelids or for blinking?

zygomaticus

• which muscle is used for smiling? (facial expressions)

buccinator

• which muscle is used for chewing or for holding food bolus?

orbicularis oris

• which muscle is responsible for puckering, protruding and closing the lips?

platysma

• which muscle is used to show sadness, surprise, and horror? (facial expressions)

temporalis

• which muscle is used to close the jaw or chew?

occipitalis

• which muscle pulls ths scalp posteriorly?

masseter

• which muscle closes the jaw or is for mastication

sternocleidomastoid

• which muscle flexes the neck and rotates the head laterally?

trapezius

• which muscle is responsible for posture and active movements, extension of the head, shrugging and moving the scapula?

raises eyebrows

• what action does the frontalis muscle do?

closes eyelids
blinks

• what actions does the orbicularis oculi muscle do?

smiling

• what action (facial expressions) does the zygomaticus muscle do?

holding food bolus
chewing

• what action does the buccinator muscle do?

pucker, protrude and close lips

• what actions does the orbicularis oris muscle do?

sadness
surprise
horror

• what actions (facial expressions) does the platysma muscle do?

closes jaw
chewing

• what actions does the temporalis muscle do?

pulls scalp posteriorly

• what action does the occipitalis muscle do?

closes jaw
mastication

• what actions does the masseter muscle do?

flexes neck
rotates the head laterally

• what actions does the sternocleiodmastoid muscle do?

posture and active movements
extends head
shrugs
moves scapula

• what actions are the trapezius muscle resposible for?

deltoid

• which muscle is responsible for the abduction of the arm

abduction

• what action does the deltoid muscle do?

pectoralis major

• which muscle does flexion, adduction and internal rotation of the arm (upper)

flexion, adduction and internal rotation

• which actions does the pectoralis major muscle do on the arm (upper)?

biceps brachii

• which muscle does the flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm?

flexion of elbow
supination of forearm

• which actions does the biceps brachii muscle do?

brachialis

• which muscle is the elbow flexor?

brachioradialis

• which muscle flexes the forearm at the elbow?

flexes forearm at elbow

• what action is the brachioradialis muscle responsible for?

rectus abdominis

• which muscle flexes the trunk anteriorly?

flexes the trunk anteriorly

• what action does the rectus abdominis muscle do?

transversus abdominis

• which muscle maintains the tone of abdominal organs?

maintains tone of abdominal organs

• which action is the transversus abdominis muscle responsible for?

internal oblique

• which muscle is an accessory muscle, and is the antagonist muscle of the diaphragm (during respiration)

triceps brachii

• which muscle extends the elbow joint?

extension of elbow joint

• what action does the triceps brachii muscle do?

latissimus dorsi

• which muscle adducts and extends the arm at the glenohumreal joint?

adducts and extends arm at glenohumeral joint

• what action does the latissimus dorsi do?

erector spinae

• which muscle straightens the back, rotates the back side to side, extends and flexes the back laterally?

supraspinatus

• which muscle abducts at the glenohumeral joint and is responsible for shoulder stabilization?

infraspinatus

• which muscle externally rotates the shoulder?

teres major and teres minor

• which muscle rotates the humerus?

extensor retinaculum

• which muscle keeps the extensor tendons aligned?

extensor carpi ulnaris

• which muscle adducts the hand at the wrist?

hamstrings

• which muscle is responsible for extension of the hip and flexion of the knee?

sartorius

• which muscle is the hip and knee flexor?

quadriceps

• which muscle is the extensors of the knee joint? (for running, walking, jumping, squatting)

gastrocnemius

• which muscle flexes the knee and foot?

flexes knee and foot

• which action does the gastrocnemius do?

soleus

• which muscle flexes the foot to point the toe downwards?

fibularis longus

• which muscle is responsible for plantar flexion and eversion

extensor digitorum longus

• which muscle is responsible for dorsiflexion and extension of the 4 small toes?

tibialis anterior

• which muscle is responsible for inversion and dorsiflexion?

inversion and dorsiflexion

• which actions is the tibialis anterior responsible for?

plantar flexion and eversion

• which actions is the fibularis longus responsible for?

bipennate

• fascicles insert into the tendon from both sides.

• Ex. Rectus femoris

multipennate

• fascicles insert into one large tendon from all sides

• Ex. Deltoid

circular

• fascicles are arranged in concentric rings

• ex. orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi

sphincter

• general name for a circular muscle

prime mover

• the muscle that has major responsibility for a certain movement

antagonist

• the muscle that opposes or reverses a movement

synergist

• helps the prime mover by adding extra force and by reducing undesirable movements

fixator

• a type of specialized synergist that holds a bone firmly in place while a prime mover is contracting.