BCH Quiz 6+

Pyruvate produced from the glycolysis is initially in

cytosol

Pyruvate is taken into the mitochondria via a (one word)

carrier

Pyruvate moves into the mitochondria via what process

facilitated diffusion

Pyruvate diffusion into the mitochondria is facilitated via what kind of transporter

uniporter

Name the three parts of PDH

E1, E2, E3

PDH converts Pyruvate to

Acetyl-CoA

The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA is a reduction/oxidation

oxidation

PDH reduces what to what

NAD+ to NADH (2 per gluc)

Byproduct of PDH complex oxidation of pyruvate

CO2

PDH: E1 coenzyme

TPP

PDH: E2 coenzyme(s)

Lipoic Acid, Coenzyme A

PDH: E3 coenzyme

FAD, NAD+

PDH: Enzymes responsible for generating Acetyl CoA

E1, E2

PDH: Enzymes responsible for generating NADH

E3

PDH: E1 and E2 work together to form

Acetyl CoA

PDH: E3 produces

NADH

PDH: E1 has what catalytic activity

dehydrogenase

PDH: E2 has what catalytic activity

Transacetylase

PDH: E3 has what catalytic activity

Dehydrogenase

TPP is derived from

thiamine/B1

TPP: functional component

Thiazolium ring

TPP: thiazolium ring function

aldehyde transfer

Coenzyme A: contains a reactive ______ group on the end

thiol

Coenzyme A (CoA-SH): the thiol group serves what function

acyl carrier

Coenzyme A (CoA-SH): derived from

Pantothenic acid/B5

Coenzyme A (CoA-SH): three subunits

mercaptoethylamine, pantothenate, ADP

Coenzyme A (CoA-SH): why is it a good acyl carrier

thioester has high ∆G-hydrolysis

Lipoic Acid: Coenzyme for what Enzyme in PDH

E2

Coenzyme A (CoA-SH): Coenzyme for what Enzyme in PDH

E2

TPP: Coenzyme for what Enzyme in PDH

E1

PDH: Lipoic Acid bonds to what AA residue in E2

Lysine

Lipoic Acid: can be transformed btwn three forms

oxidized, reduced, acetylated

Lipoic Acid: key functional component (reduced form)

thiols

Lipoic Acid: key function

receive 2 Cs from pyruvate, transfer to CoA

Lipoic Acid: vitamin derived from

N/A

Name this structure

FAD

Name this structure

FMN

Name this structure

NAD

FAD: derived from

Riboflavin/B2

FAD: accepts electrons in what form

H atom

FAD: accepts electrons in what way (“X at a time”)

1 at a time

NAD: accepts electrons in what form

H- ion

NAD: accepts electrons in what way

2 at a time

FAD/FMN: mobile or immobile relative to the enzyme

immobile

FAD and NAD+ are coenzymes for what subunit of PDH

E3

NAD+: mobile or immobile relative to the enzyme

mobile

NAD+: derived from

Niacin/B3

Step 1 of PDH is catalyzed by

E1

Step 1 of PDH: pyruvate is

decarboxylated

Step 1 of PDH: the acetyl group of decarboxylated pyruvate is transferred onto

TPP

Step 1 of PDH: the acetyl group of pyruvate is transferred onto TPP to form

hydroxyethyl TPP

Step 1 of PDH: products formed

CO2 and hydroxyethyl TPP

Step 2 of PDH: what subunit and coenzyme is used

E2, Lipoic Acid

Step 1 of PDH: what subunit and coenzyme is used

E1, TPP

Step 2 of PDH: what happens

lipoic acid reduced then acetylated

Step 3 of PDH: what subunit and coenzyme is used

E2, CoA

Step 3 of PDH: what happens

CoA acetylated

Step 4 of PDH: what subunit and coenzyme is used

E3, FAD

Step 4 of PDH: what happens (2 things)

lipoic acid oxidized, FAD reduced

Step 4 of PDH: what is produced

FADH2, regenerated E2

Step 5 of PDH: what subunit and what coenzyme is used

E3, NAD+

Step 5 of PDH: what happens (2 things)

FADH2 oxidized, NAD+ reduced

Step 5 of PDH: product

NADH

PDH Complex inhibitors

ATP, Acetyl CoA, NADH, fatty acids

PDH Complex activators

AMP, CoA-SH, NAD+, Ca2+

PDH Phosphatase 1 is strongly regulated by

Ca2+ (muscles)

PDH Phosphatase 1 is regulated in

muscles

PDH Phosphatase 2 is regulated by

hormones

PDH Phosphatase 2 is regulated in

liver

Phosphorylation of PDH: activates/inactivates it

inactivates

Dephosphorylation of PDH: activates/inactivates it

activates

PDH is phosphorylated at how many residues in what subunit

3, E1

PDH regulated by insulin: true/false

true

PDH is regulated by glucagon: true/false

false

Enzyme 1

Citrate Synthase

Enzyme 2

Aconitase

Enzyme 3

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

Enzyme 4

AKDH

Enzyme 5

Succinyl-CoA Synthetase

Enzyme 6

Succinate dehydrogenase

Enzyme 7

Fumarase

Enzyme 8

Malate dehydrogenase

Citrate

Isocitrate

TCA Cycle: Citrate is what kind of alcohol; Isocitrate is what kind of alcohol

3º, 2º

TCA Cycle: The first oxidative decarboxylation is catalyzed by

isocitrate dehydrogenase

a-kg

TCA Cycle: Isocitrate Dehydrogenase inhibitors

ATP

TCA Cycle: Isocitrate Dehydrogenase activators

ADP, Ca2+

TCA Cycle: Enzyme that operates like PDH, with the same subunits and coenzymes

a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

TCA Cycle: List the regulatable enzymes

Citrate Synthase, Isocitrate dehydrogenase, a-kg dehydrogenase

Succinyl CoA

Succinate

TCA Cycle: the substrate level phosphorylation step is catalyzed by

Succinyl-CoA synthetase

TCA Cycle: list the steps where CO2 is generated (oxidation)

3,4

TCA Cycle: List the steps where NAD+ is reduced to generate NADH

3,4,8

TCA Cycle: List the steps where FAD is reduced to generate FADH2

6

TCA Cycle: List the steps where A/GTP is generated

5

TCA Cycle: Products per glucose molecule

4 CO2, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2