Race

A complete set of 32 vocabulary flashcards covering race, ethnicity, identity, prejudice, discrimination, power dynamics, and intergroup relations from Chapter 8.

Race

A socially defined category based on real or perceived biological differences between groups of people.

Ethnicity

A socially defined category based on shared language, religion, nationality, history, or another cultural factor.

Symbolic ethnicity

An ethnic identity that matters only on particular occasions and does not significantly affect everyday life.

Situational ethnicity

An ethnic identity that can be displayed or concealed depending on its usefulness in a particular situation.

Minority group

A social group systematically denied equal access to power and resources, even if it is not smaller in number.

Embodied identity

Parts of identity shaped by others' perceptions of our physical characteristics.

Double-consciousness

W. E. B. Du Bois's term for the divided identity experienced by Black people in the United States.

Passing

Presenting yourself as a member of a different group than the stigmatized group to which you belong.

Miscegenation

Romantic, sexual, or marital relationships between people of different races.

Racism

A set of beliefs about the supposed superiority of one racial or ethnic group, used to justify inequality and often based on assumed genetic differences.

Prejudice

A fixed idea about the characteristics of a group, applied to its members and resistant to contrary evidence.

Discrimination

Unequal treatment of individuals because of their membership in a social group, usually motivated by prejudice.

Individual discrimination

Discrimination carried out by one person against another.

Institutional discrimination

Discrimination systematically carried out through political, economic, educational, or other institutions, affecting members of a group.

Implicit bias

Attitudes or stereotypes that are embedded at an unconscious level and may influence our perceptions, decisions, and actions.

Privilege

Unearned advantages given to members of dominant social groups.

White nationalism

The belief that a nation should be organized around a white identity reflected in its politics, culture, religion, and economy.

Critical race theory

The study of the relationship between race, racism, and power.

Color-blind racism

An ideology that excludes race as an explanation for unequal treatment.

Race consciousness

An ideology recognizing race as a powerful social construct shaping individual and social experiences.

Microaggressions

Everyday subtle verbal or nonverbal messages that demean or dismiss members of particular social groups.

Cultural appropriation

Adopting elements of an oppressed group's culture without permission, often for the dominant group's benefit.

Reverse racism

The claim that white people experience race-based discrimination and therefore social disadvantages.

Antiracist allies

White people and others who work toward ending racial injustice.

Expulsion

The forcible removal of a group of people from territory they have occupied.

Internal colonialism

Economic and political subjugation of a minority group by a dominant group within the same nation.

Segregation

The physical and legal separation of groups by race or ethnicity.

Assimilation

A pattern in which a minority group is absorbed into the dominant group, making society more homogeneous.

Amalgamation

The absorption of racial minority groups into the dominant group through intermarriage.

Acculturation

The absorption of racial or ethnic groups into the dominant group by adopting its culture.

Multiculturalism

A pattern of intergroup relations encouraging racial and ethnic diversity and acceptance in society.

Genocide

The deliberate, systematic extermination of a racial, ethnic, national, or cultural group.