AP world history unit 1 test

Trade

The exchange of goods and ideas that helped spread religions and cultures.

Missionaries

Religious teachers who traveled to new areas to spread their religion.

Rulers

Leaders who sometimes converted to religion to strengthen political and economic relationships.

Cultural interaction

The mixing of different cultures

Syncretism

The blending of different religious beliefs and practices.

Religious influence in Europe

Christianity influenced European politics

Tithe

A payment made by people to support the Church.

Monasteries

Religious communities that became centers of farming

Hinduism

A major religion from South Asia that teaches reincarnation

Reincarnation

The belief that a person is reborn after death.

Karma

The belief that a person's actions affect their future.

Dharma

A person's duties and responsibilities.

Moksha

Liberation from the cycle of rebirth in Hinduism.

Caste system

A social hierarchy in which people are born into fixed social groups.

Buddhism

A religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama that teaches how to escape suffering.

Siddhartha Gautama

The founder of Buddhism who became known as the Buddha.

Four Noble Truths

Buddhist teachings that explain suffering

Eightfold Path

The Buddhist path that leads toward enlightenment.

Nirvana

The Buddhist goal of escaping suffering and the cycle of rebirth.

Confucianism

A belief system founded by Confucius that emphasizes social order

Confucius

Chinese philosopher who taught the importance of social order

Filial piety

Respect and loyalty toward parents and ancestors.

Five Relationships

Confucian relationships between ruler and subject

Islam

A monotheistic religion founded by Muhammad that spread through trade

Proselytism

The attempt to persuade people to convert to a religion.

Five Pillars of Islam

The five basic religious duties of Muslims.

Shahada

The declaration of faith in Islam.

Salat

Prayer performed five times a day by Muslims.

Zakat

Charity given by Muslims to help others.

Sawm

Fasting during the month of Ramadan.

Hajj

The pilgrimage to Mecca that Muslims are expected to make if able.

Terraced farming

Farming on steps built into hills or mountains to create farmland.

Chinampas

Raised or floating agricultural gardens used by the Aztecs.

Arabic numerals

The number system using 0

House of Wisdom

A major center of scholarship and translation in Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate.

Universities in Africa

Centers of learning that developed in West Africa

Champa rice

Fast-growing and drought-resistant rice from Southeast Asia that was adopted by China.

Feudalism

A medieval European political and social system in which land was exchanged for loyalty and military service.

Civil service exams

Exams used especially in China to select government officials based largely on Confucian teachings.

Monarchy

A government ruled by a king or queen.

Mita system

An Inca system requiring people to perform labor for the state for a certain amount of time.

City-state

An independent city and its surrounding territory that functions as its own political unit.

Patrilineal

Tracing family descent through the father's side.

Matrilineal

Tracing family descent through the mother's side.

Footbinding

A Chinese practice of tightly binding girls' feet that became associated with beauty

Abbasid Caliphate

An Islamic empire centered in the Middle East that became known for scholarship

Tang China

A Chinese dynasty from 618 to 907 known for strong government

Song China

A Chinese dynasty from 960 to 1279 known for economic growth

Gunpowder

An important Chinese invention that became useful in warfare.

Printing

A Chinese technology that allowed written information to be reproduced more efficiently.

Compass

A Chinese invention that improved navigation and helped long-distance travel and trade.

Mississippians

A North American civilization known for mound-building societies and trade networks.

Cahokia

A major Mississippian settlement known for its large earthen mounds.

Aztec Empire

A powerful empire in Central Mexico with its capital at Tenochtitlan.

Tenochtitlan

The capital city of the Aztec Empire.

Tribute system

A system in which conquered peoples provided goods or resources to the Aztec Empire.

Polytheism

Belief in many gods.

Vijayanagara Empire

A powerful Hindu empire in southern India known for trade

Maya city-states

Independent political units in Mesoamerica that were part of Maya civilization.

Maya

A Mesoamerican civilization known for writing

Mali Empire

A wealthy West African empire known for gold

Trans-Saharan trade

Trade across the Sahara Desert that connected West Africa with North Africa and the Mediterranean.

Timbuktu

A West African city that became an important center of trade and Islamic scholarship.

Mansa Musa

A famous and wealthy Muslim ruler of Mali known for his pilgrimage to Mecca.

France

A medieval European kingdom that developed as a Catholic monarchy influenced by feudalism.

Catholic Christianity

The dominant Christian tradition in medieval Western Europe that had major political and economic influence.

Nobles

Members of the upper social class who controlled land and held political power in feudal Europe.

Peasants

Rural workers who farmed land and supported the feudal economy.

Monarchy in France

A political system in which France was ruled by a king.

Trade routes

Networks that moved goods

Religious continuity

The persistence of existing religious beliefs and practices even as new religions spread.

Religious change

The adoption or transformation of religious beliefs due to factors such as trade