9) The four virtues in the perfect city

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4 Terms

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Wisdom

Two types of knowledge: wisdom and skill

  • Wisdom - having good judgement; Philosopher rulers must be wise

  • Skill - having knowledge in something


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Courage

  • The guardians must have courage - it takes courage to remain steadfast in high moral values, and not to be corrupted by wealth and other desires

  • “Dye analogy” - once the dye is in, it cannot come out

    • Metaphor for education of the guardians


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moderation

  • Everyone in the city must be moderate and know how to moderate their desires and appetites

  • We all have to be in harmony, so the extremes of wealth and poverty must be guarded against

    • “Both wealth and poverty. The former makes for luxury, idleness, and revolution; the latter for slavishness, bad work, and revolution as well”


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justice

  • For Socrates, justice is order in the city and in the soul

    • All 3 parts of the city must work together for the city to be just

    • All 3 parts of the soul, appetites, courage, and wisdom, work in balance and harmony together for an individual person to be just

  • Socrates believes that one person trying to do everything ruins the city