Osmosis

the passive transport of water across the cell membrane.

osmosis

the difference in concentration of a substance across space is

concentration gradient (when the concentration of solute changes over a space)

when materials pass into and out of a cell at equal rates, there is no net change in concentration inside the cell. the cell is in a state of

dynamic equilibrium

the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called

diffusion

amount of solute in a given place

concentration

moves from HH2o to LH2o concentration

H2o

water mostly passes by _______ diffusion

facilitated (transport proteins)

why would water go through simple diffusion, is it common?

uncommon. water would go through simple diffusion because of a strong push.

Iso =

balanced

has a balance of solute inside & outside the cell

isotonic solution

what can change the size of a cell? *moving solute does not change the size of your cells

water/osmosis

does diffusion use energy?

no, no ATP

a type of solution with a lot of solute outside the cell

hypertonic

what happens to red blood cells in hypertonic solutions?

they shrink / crenate

what happens to plant cells in hypertonic solutions?

• the cell membrane is pulled away from cell wall

• central vacuole is empyting

what happens to red blood cells in an isotonic solution?

they are happy and healthy!

what happens to plant cells in an isotonic solution?

yoooo bro they are happy and healthyyyyyy!

what is it called when there is low solute outside the cell?

hypotonic solution

what happens to red blood cells in hypotonic solutions?

they swell and may burst (lyse)

what happens to plant cells in hypotonic solutions?

• they swell

• cell wall stops it from breaking

• central vacuole gets very big

tonic means

solute

hypo =

a little

hyper =

a lot

balanced solute

isotonic

a lot of solute

hypertonic

a little solute

hypotonic

what does a concentration gradient do?

causes molecules to move in and out of cells

a necessary condition for osmosis to occur

semipermeable mebrane

diffusion = passive transport =

simple and facilitated diffusion

water loving

phosphate heads

water fearing

lipid tails

constant/stable internal environment

homeostasis

what goes into transport proteins

big or charged molecules ( like glucose, C6H12O6, or ions )

what goes into phospholipids

small and not charged molecules ( like O2 and CO2 )

phospholipid is the monomer of what

the cell

if a cell has 20% O2 inside and 27% O2 outside….. ( cell, solute, direction of movement, simple or facilitated )

• hypotonic cell

• hypertonic solute

• moves high to low (in)

• simple diffusion

passive transport always moves

high to low