pharm exam 2 general knowledge

5 HTN drugs

lisinopril/captopril, losartan, amlodipine/nifedipine, metoprolol/atenolol, and hydralazine

3 classes of HF drugs

diuretics, inotropic agents, and vasopressor agents

3 diuretics

furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, and spironolactone

2 inotropic agents

digoxin and dobutamine

2 vasopressor agents

epinephrine and vasopressin

2 classes of CAD drugs

antilipemics and antianginals

4 antilipemics

atorvastatin, ezetimibe, gemfibrozil, and alirocumab

2 antianginals

nitroglycerin and ranolazine

7 drugs for dysrhythmias

procainamide, lidocaine, propranolol, amiodarone, verpamil, adenosine, and atropine

neurohormonal activity

increased secretion by SNS, activates RAAS, and remodels heart tissue

vasopressor agents

increase vasoconstriction for hypotension from cardiogenic, septic, or distributive shock. activates SNS receptors, increases BP, HR, contractility, bronchodilation, stops bleeding, and increases pupil size

HTN meds MOAs

less Ca for nerve impulse transmission, vessels relax, increase O2, decrease workload. vasoconstrictive effect of RAAS and aldosterone are blocked, lower BP.

HTN meds ADRs

orthostatic hypotension

how many types of diuretics are there? how many do you need to know?

5; 3

automaticity

cardiac cells generate their own electrical impulses

conductivity

cardiac cells rapidly transmit electrical signals between cells

contractility

cardiac cells contract and pump blood

chronotropic

rate of contraction (electricity)

inotropic

strength of contraction (Ca)

cholesterol synthesis

80% endogenous (liver), 20% exogenous (diet)

LDL

low density lipoprotein; “bad” cholesterol, can lead to plaque buildup

HDL

high density lipoprotein; “good” cholesterol, helps remove excess cholesterol from bloodstream

triglycerides

major energy source, stored in fat and releases into blood when energy is needed. increase in calories = increase in triglyceride production in liver

post MI treatment

oral P2Y12 inhibitor + aspirin = lower risk of thrombotic events in patients with ACS. after MI pt should take aspirin, beta blocker, and ACE inhibitor. if LDL is over 130, drugs should be given to lower it to less than 100