Ch. 11 Personality pt.2

Behavioral Perspective

personality molded by learning history- reinforcement, punishment

Social-Cognitive Perspective

Adds cognition; learned thought patterns play a role in behavior and that personality is learned in social situations

Reciprocal determinism

personality result of interaction b/w cognitive patterns, environment, and behaviors

• EX: perceived self-efficacy (belief on likelihood of success at something)

Locus of Control

Julian Rotter

indivs perception about underlying main causes of events in his/her life

• External: up to fate/luck

• Internal: by personal decisions

Humanistic Approaches

defines personality as the unique way in which each individual perceives and interprets the world

• Maslow + Roger

Deficiency Orientation

Abraham Maslow

preoccupation with perceived needs

• Feeling like my life would finally be better if I just made more money.

Growth Orientation

Abraham Maslow

grateful for what we already have

• Understanding that my needs are met and choosing to spend time working on myself

Self-concept

our thoughts and feelings about ourselves

• Ideal (who we want to be) + Real (who we are)

Congruence

when our ideal selves and real selves are similar

• Incongruence is opposite

Cardinal Traits (Allport)

trait most associated with a person

• Ex: What is the one word you would most want people to use to describe you?

Central traits (Allport)

control most of our behavior; central to personality

• Ex: Not the first word, but probably 2-5.

Secondary traits (Allport)

More specific to situations; less control over behavior

• Ex: You have no idea if I am charitable or not unless you saw me in a situation that called for charity.

Eysenck’s Biological Trait Theory + 3 Factors

Hans and Sybil Eysenck utilized factor analysis to identify three basic personality factors:

1. Introversion/Extraversion

2. Neuroticism/Emotional Stability

3. Psychoticism/Superego control

Neuroticism/Emotional Stability

neurotics are easily upset or emotional vs tendency to remain emotionally constant

• Ex: Neurotic people are more likely to cry in the movie theater during a sad movie

Psychoticism/superego control

difficulty dealing with reality; antisocial, hostile, manipulative vs opposite

• Ex: People who run pyramid schemes would probably rate high in psychoticism.

Gray’s Approach-Inhibition Theory

Jeffrey Gray

Behav approach: aware of potential rewards (upside of party)

Behav Inhibition: potential punishments (downside of party)