Decline of Feudalism, Development of European States, and European Calamities

Flashcards covering the decline of feudalism, the development of European nation-states, the Crusades, and fourteenth-century European calamities.

What two factors contributed to the weakening of feudalism?

The revival of trade and the growth of towns.

What type of political entities began to emerge in Europe as feudalism declined?

Nation-states.

For what purpose were the Crusades launched?

To free the Holy Land from the Seljuk Turks.

From which group were the Crusades launched to free the Holy Land?

The Seljuk Turks.

What was the ultimate result of the Crusades regarding control of the Holy Land?

The Crusades failed to maintain permanent control of the Holy Land, but they had significant consequences for Europe.

What three crises did Europe face in the fourteenth century?

Famine, plague, and war.

In which century did Europe face famine, plague, and war?

The fourteenth century.

What impact did the fourteenth-century calamities have on Europe?

They helped to reshape European society.

Which key terms are associated with Section 11.4, 'European Calamities'?

Black Death, Hundred Years' War, and Joan of Arc.