DNA Structure and Protein Synthesis

A set of vocabulary flashcards reviewing the structure of DNA, nucleotide components, base-pairing rules, triplet codes, and protein functions.

Double helix

The twisting shape of a DNA molecule formed by two strands wrapped around each other.

Nucleotide

A monomer unit of DNA consisting of three parts: a phosphate connected to a sugar, with a base attached to the side.

Sugar-phosphate backbone

A long chain formed when the phosphate of one nucleotide bonds to the sugar of the next, serving as a protective outer casing around the bases.

Complementary base pairing

The principle that bases only pair specifically with each other, where adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G).

Genetic code

The specific sequence of bases along a DNA strand.

Gene

A particular sequence of DNA bases that codes for a particular protein.

Triplet

A group of three bases that codes for a specific amino acid.

Enzymes

Proteins that function as biological catalysts to increase the rate of chemical reactions.

Hormones

Proteins that carry messages throughout the body.

Structural proteins

Proteins that add physical strength to cells and tissues.