WEEK 8 Networks and Operating Systems - Network layer II

Practice flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to Internet Protocols, specifically IPv4 and IPv6.

Internet Protocol (IPv4)

A version of the Internet Protocol that uses a 32-bit address scheme, allowing for approximately 4 billion unique addresses.

Datagram

A basic transfer unit associated with a packet-switched network, encapsulated by the network layer.

Fragmentation

The process of breaking down datagrams into smaller packets to fit the maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the link layer.

Time-to-live (TTL)

A field in the IP header that specifies the lifetime of a datagram before it is discarded once it reaches zero.

Encapsulation

The method of wrapping data with protocol information at each layer of the OSI model.

Subnet

A logical division of an IP network that can be used to partition the network into smaller, more manageable pieces.

Routing Protocols

Protocols that determine the optimal path for datagrams to travel over a network.

Software-defined networking (SDN)

An approach to networking that uses a centralized controller to manage network resources dynamically.

Fragment

A smaller datagram created when a larger datagram is broken down due to the MTU limitations.

Anycast Address

A type of address in IPv6 that allows a packet to be delivered to any one host from a group of hosts.

Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR)

A method for allocating IP addresses and routing that replaces the older system based on classes.

IPv6

The successor to IPv4, with a 128-bit address space, designed to resolve the limitations of IPv4.

Header Length

A variable-length field in the IPv4 datagram that indicates where the payload begins.

Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)

The largest size of a packet that can be sent over a network link.

Dotted-decimal notation

A representation of an IP address where each octet is converted to decimal and separated by periods.

Protocol Number

A field in the IP datagram that indicates the specific transport-layer protocol to which the data belongs.