social neuro exam 2

a greater tendency to help ingorup member is known as

parochial altruism

according to bartels and seki what might provide a neural abssis for the unconditional nature of love, measured by comparing nerual activity to a loved one relaitve to familiar other person?

deactivation of the mentalizing network toegtehr with activation of reward centers

acording to axe what is the role of the righ temporal pariteal junction in theory of mine

it is specialized for the attibution of mental states

according to the study of master et al how does the presence of social supprot after pain perception

presence of a partner decreseases pain intensity relative to a stranger

accoriding to the theory of batson what provides the main motivation for helpign behavior?

empathic concern for the other

according to the theory of piliavin et al what provides the main motivation for helping behavior?

alleviation of ones own personal distress

ain an fMRI stufy of the prisoners dilemma riling et al compared playing a human opponent versus computer opponent what did they find?

activity in teh striatum is more dependent on the opponent than the monetary reward

fMRI study of the ultimatum game found which region was more active in unfair than fir offers, and was also mroe active when unfair offers were rejected than accepted

insula

samson et al found that brain elsions in which area lead to relatively specific difficulties on theory of mind tasks

temporal parietal junction

TMS over the right DLPFC was found by knoch et al to disrupt performae in teh ultimatum game. what specifically was found

more unfair offers were accepted but rating of fairness were unaffected

what brain structure contains the nucelus accumbens

ventral stiratum

what did the hyper fMRI study of the trust game find

as trust between teh two players develops, then the activity in the striatum shifts from being based on outcomes to being based on expectations

what does the cross-cultural study of the ultimatum game show

larger societies have more stringer notions of fairness (they expect a more equal division)

what happens in the brain when eating chocolate to satiety leads to a shift from pleasant/ wnated to unpleasant/unwanted

orbito frontal activity shits medial to lateral

what is stimulation theory

the idea that we understand other people by recreating their mental processes ourselves

what is the midbrain striucture in which the dopaminergoc reward related system originates

ventral tegmental area

what is game theory

a type of mathmatical model that captures how an indiviuals success at making descision is influenced by the decision of others

what was a central findinf of the fMRI study of charity donation

choosing to donate to a charoty activates some of the same reward pathways as receivig money

what was one of the main conclusions of the fMRI study of adult attachment

amygdala activity is linked to feedback with an angry face but more so in partipiants with an anxious attachment style

what was the conclusion of the fMRI study concering human imitation and empathy

the action-based mirror system provides a link between visual perception and the emotional brain

where does the term theory of mind originate from

premack and woodruff

which combination of decisions offers the best outcome for player a on the prisoners dilemma

player a defects player b cooperates

which of the following hormones have been linked to differences in parenting style and attachment security

oxytocin, testosterone and cortisol

which of the following is false concering carriers of the GG oxytocin receptor polymorphism

they are more likely to have profound intellectual disability

which of the following statements about the hormone oxytocin is true

it is only found in mammals

which of the following statements concering prairie voles and montane coles is true

they differ substantially in the amount/distribution of oxytocin receptor types

genes linked to increased social sensitivity are more prevalent in which of culture

collectivist

helping behavior in which no peronsla gain is obtained is normally referred to as whay

altruism

states in which rewards are sought and punishers are avoided refers to what

motivation

what theory of altruism did hamilton propose

kin selection

what were the findings of the fMRI study of singer et al concering empathy for pain

participants activated pain-related regions of the brain when watching someone else receive a shock but the degree of activation was modulated by whether the otehr person had treated them fairly

which of these statements about teh sexual selection theory of altruism is true?

it depends on the assumption that generosity is an attractive trait

what are the 5 components that make empathy multi faceted accordingf to various researchers that contribute to its ambiguity?

1) knowing another persons internal state

2)adopting the posture or response of another

3) having an emotional reaction to someone else situation

imaging how you would feel in a certian sutatuion

5) imaging how the other person would feel in a certain situation

name 2 and explain their differences and give naturalistic example

oen hormone is oxytocin and the other is vasopressin. oxytocin reduces stress and vassopressin increasess it OR males are more responsive to vassopressing and females to oxytocin. oxytocin incrreases trust in trust games when playing agaisnt another person. prairie coles and montane have simialr number of oxytocin receptors but have significantlu different distribution leading prairie voles to form enruing attachments while montane do not

explaing ame theory in context of biology and psychology give an example of one

game theory cnan be seen in how an indiviuals success in making decisions is influcenc by the decisisons of others. in biology game theory is used to model evolution based on the concept of fitness rather than decision. in psychology, game theory is applied to real life social decision making; individual may be sacrifieced for other principles
an example for biology would be the idea of survival of the fittest those who hace the best trains for survival are foinf to pass them down
an example for psychology would be how people give or take ion certain situations based on the preconceived assumption of what other person will do the prisoners dilemme is an example

explain atruism and provide an example using two of these four components; kin selection, reciprocal altruist, sexual selection indirect reciprocity

often defined as selflessness in that it entails no personal reward to helper but entails some degree of cost