JLPT N3 Vocabulary (1-4)

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Vocabulary flashcards covering time expressions, family, relationships, dining, cooking techniques, foods, and seasonings from JLPT N3 study sheets.

Last updated 10:18 AM on 9/26/26
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78 Terms

1
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現在(げんざい)

Present; current time; now.

2
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過去(かこ)

Past; past times.

3
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未来(みらい)

Future (usually distant future).

4
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早朝(そうちょう)

Early morning.

5
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日中(にっちゅう)

Daytime; during the day.

6
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夜中(よなか)

Middle of the night.

7
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真夜中(まよなか) / 深夜(しんや)

Midnight; late at night.

8
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平日(へいじつ)

Weekday.

9
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祝日(しゅくじつ)

National holiday.

10
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週末(しゅうまつ)

Weekend.

11
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月末(げつまつ) / 年末(ねんまつ)

End of the month / End of the year.

12
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年末年始(ねんまつねんし)

Year-end and New Year holidays.

13
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上旬(じょうじゅん) / 初旬(しょじゅん)

First ten days of a month.

14
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中旬(ちゅうじゅん)

Middle ten days of a month.

15
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下旬(げじゅん)

Last ten days of a month.

16
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連休(れんきゅう)

Consecutive holidays; long weekend.

17
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お盆休み(おぼんやすみ)

Obon holiday vacation.

18
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週明け(しゅうあけ)

Beginning of the week.

19
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年中無休(ねんじゅうむきゅう)

Open all year round; no holidays.

20
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両親(りょうしん)

Both parents.

21
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甥(おい)

Nephew.

22
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姪(めい)

Niece.

23
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孫(まご)

Grandchild.

24
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嫁(よめ)

Daughter-in-law; bride.

25
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長男(ちょうなん) / 次男(じなん) / 三男(さんなん)

Eldest son, second son, third son.

26
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長女(ちょうじょ) / 次女(じじょ) / 三女(さんじょ)

Eldest daughter, second daughter, third daughter.

27
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親せき(しんせき) / 親類(しんるい)

Relatives; kinsfolk.

28
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知人(ちじん) / 知り合い(しりあい)

Acquaintance.

29
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先輩(せんぱい)

Senior (at school or work).

30
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後輩(こうはい)

Junior (at school or work).

31
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上司(じょうし)

Boss; superior.

32
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部下(ぶか)

Subordinate.

33
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同僚(どうりょう)

Colleague; co-worker.

34
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仲間(なかま)

Companion; peer; comrade.

35
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同級生(どうきゅうせい)

Classmate.

36
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家庭(かてい)

Home; family; household.

37
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実家(じっか)

One's parents' home.

38
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他人(たにん)

Stranger; unrelated person; other people.

39
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独身(どくしん)

Single; unmarried.

40
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噛む(かむ)

To chew; to bite.

41
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かじる

To nibble; to gnaw; to bite.

42
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なめる

To lick.

43
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味わう(あじわう)

To taste; to savor.

44
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酔う(よう) / 酔っぱらう(よっぱらう)

To get drunk; to become intoxicated.

45
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自炊する(じすいする)

To cook one's own food.

46
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朝食(ちょうしょく) / 昼食(ちゅうしょく) / 夕食(ゆうしょく)

Breakfast / Lunch / Dinner.

47
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夜食(やしょく)

Nighttime meal / Late-night snack.

48
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定食(ていしょく)

Set meal.

49
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おかわり

Second serving; refill.

50
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おかず

Side dish.

51
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そうざい

Prepared food; side dishes.

52
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冷凍食品(れいとうしょくひん)

Frozen food.

53
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缶詰(かんづめ)

Canned food.

54
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タマネギを刻む(タマネギをきざむ)

To chop onions finely.

55
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リンゴの皮をむく(リンゴのかわをむく)

To peel an apple.

56
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魚を焼く(さかなをやく)

To grill or bake fish.

57
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肉を炒める(にくをいためる)

To stir-fry meat.

58
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野菜を蒸す(やさいをむす)

To steam vegetables.

59
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豆を煮る(まめをにる)

To simmer or boil beans.

60
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卵をゆでる(たまごをゆでる)

To boil eggs.

61
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油で揚げる(あぶらであげる)

To deep-fry in oil.

62
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フライパンを熱する(フライパンをねっする)

To heat up a frying pan.

63
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お湯を注ぐ(おゆをそそぐ)

To pour hot water.

64
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ご飯を炊く(ごはんをたく)

To cook rice.

65
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お湯をわかす(おゆをわかす)

To boil water.

66
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温める(あたためる) ⇔ 温まる(あたたまる)

To heat up / warm something (transitive) ⇔ To warm up / become warm (intransitive).

67
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冷やす(ひやす) ⇔ 冷える(ひえる)

To chill / cool something down (transitive) ⇔ To become cold / chilled (intransitive).

68
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冷める(さめる) ⇔ 冷ます(さます)

To cool down / lose heat (intransitive) ⇔ To let cool down (transitive).

69
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こげる ⇔ こがす

To get burned/scorched (intransitive) ⇔ To burn/scorch something (transitive).

70
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甘い(あまい) ⇔ 辛い(からい)

Sweet ⇔ Spicy/Hot.

71
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塩辛い(しおからい)

Salty.

72
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すっぱい ⇔ 苦い(にがい)

Sour ⇔ Bitter.

73
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味が濃い(あじがこい) ⇔ 味が薄い(あじがうすい)

Strong flavor ⇔ Mild / light flavor.

74
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調味料(ちょうみりょう)

Seasoning; condiment.

75
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塩(しお) / 砂糖(さとう)

Salt / Sugar.

76
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みそ / しょう油(しょうゆ) / 酢(す)

Miso (soybean paste) / Soy sauce / Vinegar.

77
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新鮮な(しんせんな) ⇔ 腐る(くさる)

Fresh ⇔ To spoil / rot / decay.

78
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生(なま)

Raw; fresh.