muscles of facial expression, chewing, swallowing, vertebral column, and movement of head and neck

buccinator

compresses cheeks

depressor anguli oris

lowers corners of mouth

depressor labii inferioris

protudes lower lip

frontalis

elevates eyebrows

levator labii superioris

elevates upper lip

mentalis

protrudes lower lip and chin

occipitalis

pulls scalp posteriorly

orbicularis oculi

closes eye

orbicularis oris

closes and protrudes lips

platysma

lowers mandible

risorius

pulls mouth laterally

zygomaticus major

pulls mouth superiorly and laterally

zygomaticus minor

elevates lateral portion of upper lip

masseter

elevates the mandible

temporalis

elevates and retracts the mandible

digastric

depresses mandible, fixator of hyoid during swallowing

infrahyoid group

depresses hyoid bone and larynx

suprahyoid group

elevates the hyoid bone and floor of mouth for swallowing

scalenes

unilateral, lateral flexion of head/neck

semispinalis capitis: bilateral

neck extension

semispinalis capitis: unilateral

rotates head to opposite side

splenius capitis: bilateral

neck extension

splenius capitis: unilateral

rotate head to same side

sternocleidomastoid: bilateral

flexes head

sternocleidomastoid: unilateral

rotation of head towards opposite side

trapezius

pulls scapula posteriorly

erector spinae (spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis)

extend the vertebral column, more lateral muscles laterally bend the vertebral column

origin/insertion of frontalis

epicranial apooneurosis/skin of eyebrows

origin/insertion of occipitalis

occipital bone/epicranial aponeurosis

origin of zygomaticus major/minor

zygomatic bone

origin/insertion of masseter

zygomatic arch/angle and lateral surface mandibular ramus

origin/insertion of temporalis

lateral surface of skull/coronoid process of mandible