*Final AP practice exam*

What is the functional classification for neurons that carry information from peripheral receptors to the central nervous system?

sensory

What are clusters of neuronal cell bodies in the central nervous system called?

nucleui

What are clusters of neuronal cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system called?

ganglia

What do call neuronal processes that carry receptors for neurotransmitters and that transmit membrane potentials toward the neuronal cell body?

dendrites

Identify the indicated part of a nerve.

fascicle

Identify the indicated structure of the central nervous system.

spinal cord

Identify the indicated structure of the brain.

corpus callosum

Identify the indicated portion of the cerebellum.

white matter

Identify the indicated groove of the cerebellum.

primary fissure

Identify the indicated cranial nerve.

accessory

Identify the indicated cranial nerve.

vagus

Is the indicated cranial nerve sensory only, motor only, or both sensory and motor?

both

Is the indicated cranial nerve sensory only, motor only, or both sensory and motor?

both

motor

Identify the indicated space.

lateral ventricle

Identify the indicated space.

third ventricle

Identify the indicated part of the coverings of the brain.

arachnoid mater

Identify the indicated part of the coverings of the brain.

pia mater

Identify the indicated structure (be specific).

ventral horn

anterior horn

Identify the indicated space.

central canal

Identify the indicated structures.

thoracic spinal nerves

Identify the indicated structure.

filum terminale

Identify the indicated structure.

optic nerve

Identify the indicated structure.

tarsal glands

meibomian glands

Identify the indicated structure.

ciliary body

Identify the indicated structure.

caruncle

→ THINK: “C” = corner of the eye = Caruncle

Identify the indicated opening.

lacrimal punctum

Identify the indicated structure.

inferior rectus muscle

Identify the indicated structure.

inferior oblique muscle

Identify the indicated layer of the retina.

bipolar layer

Identify the indicated layer of the retina.

photoreceptor cell layer

Identify the indicated structure.

malleous

What is the functional classification for neurons that carry information from the central nervous system to the peripheral effector organs?

motor

What do we call neuronal processes that transmit membrane potentials away form the neuronal cell body?

axon

Identify the indicated connective layer of a nerve.

perineurium

Identify the indicated groove of the brain.

transverse cerebral fissure

Identify the indicated structure of the brain.

interthalamic adhesion

Identify the indicated cranial nerve.

trochlear

Identify the indicated cranial nerve.

facial

Is the indicated cranial nerve sensory only, motor only, or both sensory and motor?

motor → abducens (6)

Some → Oh

Say → Oh

Money → Oh

Matters → To

But → Touch

My → And

Brother → Feel

Says → Very

Big → Good

Brains → Velvet

Matter → Ah

More → Heaven

Is the indicated cranial nerve sensory only, motor only, or both sensory and motor?

motor → accessory (11)

Identify the indicated space.

lateral ventricle

Identify the indicated membrane.

septum pellucidum

Identify the indicated structure.

Arachnoid villus (looks like balls) → hair like projections inside

OR

arachnoid granulation

Identify the indicated layer of the meninges.

arachnoid mater → looks like spider webs

Identify the indicated space.

central canal

Identify the indicated structures.

sacral spinal nerves

Identify the indicated structures.

lumbar spinal nerves

Identify the indicated layer.

bulbar conjuctiva → bulb of the eye

Identify the indicated structure.

lacrimal sac → tear sac

Identify the indicated structure.

caruncle → corner of the eye

Identify the indicated structure.

medial rectus muscle

Identify the indicated structure.

lateral rectus muscle

Identify the indicated layer of the retina.

bipolar layer → think TWO

Identify the indicated layer of the retina.

ganglion cell layer

Identify the indicated region of the ear.

middle ear

Identify the indicated region of the ear.

inner ear

Identify the indicated structure.

saccule

Identify the indicated structure.

cochlea

What phenomenon do the indicated structures sense?

static equilibrium

What phenomenon does the indicated structure sense?

hearing

Identify the indicated structures.

hair cells

Identify the indicated structure.

basilar membrane

What fluid fills the scala vestibuli?

perilymph

What fluid fills the scala tympani?

perilymph

The inability of the eye to focus well on close objects as a result of abnormal shape of the eyeball is called:

hyperopia

The bending of light as is passes from a material of one density to a material of a different density is called:

refraction

Which cranial nerve supplies the superior oblique muscle of the eye?

trochlear

Which cranial nerve supplies the medial rectus muscle of the eye?

occulomotor

Which three tunics (layers) does the choroid belong to?

vascular

To which portion of the ear (outer, middle, inner) does the cochlea belong?

inner

With which sense (hearing, static equilibrium, dynamic equilibrium) is the cochlea associated?

hearing

The proper anatomical term for the neck is:

cervical

You are examining a microscope slide under the 40X objective lens and you switch to the 10X objective lens.  The height of the focal point will:

stay the same

Given the following physiological requirements at a particular location within the body, name the specific tissue type that would most likely be found there:

A moderate amount of absorption/secretion must take place across this surface.

simple cuboidal epithelial tissue

Name the criteria by which epithelial tissues are classified? (check all that apply)

→ 2 criteria

• number of cell layers

• cell shape

What do we call an epithelial tissue that is many cell layers thick and is composed of flattened cells?

stratified squamous epithelial tissue

What primary type of tissue consists of one or more cell types embedded within a non-living matrix?

connective

Identify the indicated tissue.

simple columnar epithelial tissue #

Identify the indicated structure of the epidermis.

melanocyte

Identify the indicated layer of thick skin.

dermis (very BOTTOM) THINK:

dirty = dermis = bottom

Identify the indicated region of the integument.

hypodermis

What stack of flattened membranous discs packages proteins and other substances for transport in vesicles?

golgi apparatus

Identify the indicated cellular organelle.

golgi apparatus

A site for articulation that consists of a smooth, nearly flat articular surface is a:

facet

Identify the indicated cell type within compact bone.

osteocyte

The end of a long bone is properly called the:

epiphysis

Identify the indicated bone marking (projection).

zygomatic process

Identify the indicated bone marking (opening).

interior acoustic meatus

OR

interior auditory meatus

Identify the indicated bone.

coccyx

Identify the indicated type of vertebra.

cervical → dinosaur projection

Identify the indicated bone.

clavicle

Identify the indicated bone.

triquetral

Row	Thumb side → pinky side
Proximal (closer to forearm)	Scaphoid → Lunate → Triquetrum → Pisiform
Distal (closer to fingers)	Trapezium → Trapezoid → Capitate → Hamate

Is the indicated bone from the right of left side of the body?

right

Identify the indicated bone marking (opening)?

greater sciatic notch

Identify the structure.

anterior cruciate ligament

What functional type of articulation is a synovial joint?

diarthrosis

What is the name of the type of synovial joint that has rotational movement around more than two axes where a round head fits into a cup-like depression?

ball and socket

Identify the indicated structure.

muscle fiber

A strong, cord-like bundle of connective tissue that connects a muscle to another muscle or to a bone is called:

tendon

What do we call muscles that are primarily responsible for producing a specific movement?

agonists