APUSH Period 3: Test 1

During the War for Independence, the principal reason the American government sought diplomatic recognition from foreign powers was to

facilitate the purchase of arms and borrowing of money from other nations

After the French and Indian War, British political leaders were determined to

require the North American colonies to pay a greater share of the empire's administrative expenses

"To understand political power right, and derive it from its original, we must consider what state all men are naturally in, and that is, a state of perfect freedom to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions and persons, as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature, without asking leave, or depending upon the will of any other man.

"A state also of equality, wherein all the power and jurisdiction is reciprocal, no one having more than another. . . .

"The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it which obliges every one . . . that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions."

John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1689

Interpretations of Locke's assertions regarding a "state of freedom" and a "state also of equality" most directly influenced which of the following?

The political rhetoric of Patriots during the American Revolution

"To understand political power right, and derive it from its original, we must consider what state all men are naturally in, and that is, a state of perfect freedom to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions and persons, as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature, without asking leave, or depending upon the will of any other man.

"A state also of equality, wherein all the power and jurisdiction is reciprocal, no one having more than another. . . .

"The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it which obliges every one . . . that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions."

John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1689

The ideas in the excerpt were most likely interpreted by American colonists in the 1770s as a call to reject which of the following?

The acceptance of the divine right of kings

"To understand political power right, and derive it from its original, we must consider what state all men are naturally in, and that is, a state of perfect freedom to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions and persons, as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature, without asking leave, or depending upon the will of any other man.

"A state also of equality, wherein all the power and jurisdiction is reciprocal, no one having more than another. . . .

"The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it which obliges every one . . . that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions."

John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1689

During the period of the American Revolution, Locke's purpose in the excerpt would most likely have been interpreted as promoting a form of government based on

natural rights

Which of the following contributed most to the American Victory in the Revolution?

French military and financial assistance

Which of the following documents formed a national government?

The Articles of Confederation

The primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763 was to

avoid conflict with the trans-Appalachian Indians

Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense attacked which of the following?

The king of England and the principle of monarchy

Shays' Rebellion reflected which of the following tensions in United States society during the 1780s?

Economic frustration of New England farmers who had trouble paying debts in hard currency

“[George] Washington’s gratitude was genuine . . . but the fact remains that the members of the association, who had embarked on a very unfeminine enterprise, were ultimately deflected into a traditional domestic role.... Ironically and symbolically, the Philadelphia women of 1780, who had tried to establish an unprecedented nationwide female organization, ended up as what one amused historian has termed ‘General Washington’s Sewing Circle.’

“Male Revolutionary leaders too regarded women’s efforts with wry condescension. . . . The women, on the other hand,... could reflect proudly that ‘whilst our friends were exposed to the hardships and dangers of the fields of war for our protection, we were exerting at home our little labours to administer to their comfort and alleviate their toil.’”

Mary Beth Norton, historian, “The Philadelphia Ladies Association,” American Heritage, 1980

The women described in the excerpt would have most typically engaged in which of the following activities during the Revolutionary era?

Producing goods for the Patriot cause

The Stamp Act crisis was important in the coming of the American Revolution for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

American patriots realized that British inflexibility made revolution virtually inevitable.

"'I ordered my company to fire,' [George] Washington reported. . . . This incident . . . led to massive French retaliation and the outbreak of what was soon a world war. It raged in North America for six years, 1754-60, in Central and South America, in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, in India and the East, and not least in Europe, where it was known as the Seven Years War (1756-63). . . . Horace Walpole [stated]: 'The volley fired by a young Virginian in the backwoods of America set the world on fire.'"

Paul Johnson, historian, A History of the American People, 1997

Britain attempted to pay for the debt resulting from the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) by

increasing taxes on goods bought and sold in the colonies

By the time of the American Revolution, most patriots had come to believe that, in republican government, sovereignty was located in

the people

The Sons of Liberty initiated the Boston Tea Party in direct response to

British efforts to protect the East India Company from bankruptcy

The government of the Articles of Confederation was successful in resolving the problem of how to

provide for statehood for western territories

“In the time of the late war, being desirous to defend, secure, and promote the Rights and Liberties of the people, we spared no pains but freely granted all the aid and assistance of every kind that our civil fathers [political leaders] required of us.

“We are sensible also that a great debt is justly brought upon us by the War, and we are as willing to pay our share towards it as we are to enjoy our shares in independency. . . .

“But with the greatest submission we beg leave to inform your Honors that unless something takes place more favorable to the people, in a little time at least one half of our inhabitants in our opinion will become bankrupt. . . . When we compute the taxes laid upon us the five preceding years, the State and County, town, and class taxes, the amount is equal to what our farms will rent for. Sirs in this situation, what have we to live on: No money to be had; our estates daily posted and sold. . . . Surely your Honors are no strangers to the distresses of the people but do know that many of our good inhabitants are now confined in jail for debt and for taxes. . . . Will not the people in the neighboring states say of this state: although the Massachusetts [people] boast of their fine Constitution, their government is such that it devours their inhabitants?

“. . . If your Honors find anything above mentioned worthy of notice, we earnestly pray that . . . [the state legislature] would point out some way whereby the people might be relieved.”

Petition from the town of Greenwich to the Massachusetts state legislature, 1786

The concern in the petition about the effect of taxation is best understood in continuity with which of the following earlier developments?

The revolt against British imperial control of the North American colonies

“From the complex struggles of the 1780s, the Founding Fathers extracted a simple lesson: that the uneducated farmers who seized the ship of state during the American Revolution had [nearly] driven it aground. From the Founders’ perspective, the policies adopted by the state legislatures in the 1780s proved that ordinary Americans were not entirely capable of ruling themselves. . . .

“. . . But many Americans who lived through the postwar era—probably, in fact, the vast majority of them—saw things differently. They admitted that the state assemblies had badly damaged the American economy. In sharp contrast to the future Framers of the Constitution, however, they attributed the recession of the 1780s to elite, not popular, misrule. . . .

“. . . Far from simply griping about particular policies, they were making the case that they possessed the ability to govern themselves.”

Woody Holton, historian, Unruly Americans and the Origins of the Constitution, 2007

Which of the following most directly contributed to the debates described in the excerpt?

Shays' Rebellion

“The petition of a great number of blacks detained in a state of slavery in the bowels of a free and Christian country humbly showeth that . . . they have in common with all other men a natural and inalienable right to that freedom which the Great Parent of the Universe has bestowed equally on all mankind, and which they have never forfeited by any compact or agreement whatever. . . .

“. . . Every principle from which America has acted in the course of her unhappy difficulties with Great Britain pleads stronger than a thousand arguments in favor of your petitioners. They therefore humbly beseech your honors to give this petition its due weight and consideration, and cause an act of the legislature to be passed, whereby they may be restored to the enjoyment of that [freedom] which is the natural right of all men.”

Petition to the Massachusetts House of Representatives, January 1777

Responses to the issues raised in the excerpt contributed most directly to the

gradual abolition of slavery in the North

Under the Articles of Confederation the United States central government had no power to

levy taxes

In which of the following ways did settlement patterns change immediately after the Seven Years' War?

British colonists defied imperial policy by attempting to move farther west.

During the American Revolution, many women contributed to the cause of independence by

collecting money, medicine, and food to supply the Continental Army

British colonists in North America objected to the Stamp Act primarily because it

taxed them without their consent

“I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary! Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. The blessings in which you, this day, rejoice, are not enjoyed in common. The rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity, and independence, bequeathed by your fathers, is shared by you, not by me. The sunlight that brought life and healing to you, has brought stripes and death to me. This Fourth of July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn. To drag a man in fetters into the grand illuminated temple of liberty, and call upon him to join you in joyous anthems, were inhuman mockery and sacrilegious irony. Do you mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak today?”

Frederick Douglass, African American activist, “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?,” speech, 1852

In the except Douglass implicitly contrasted the African American experience with ideas expressed in

the Declaration of Independence