SCC Anatomy Exam 2

foramen

a hole; blood vessels or nerves pass through

protuberance

a small bulge

process

projection from the bone

acoustic

in reference to hearing

meatus

in reference to a canal

suture

the joint or connection of one bone with another

axial skeleton

- forms the longitudinal axis of the body

- has 80 bones

how many bones does the skull have?

-8 cranial bones

-14 facial bones

function of the skull

protects brain, entrances to respiratory system, and entrance to digestive system

cranial bones

enclose the cranial cavity which contains the brain

frontal bone

1 frontal bone in skull

parietal bone

2 parietal bones in the skull

occipital bone

1 occipital bone in the skull

temporal bone

2 temporal bones in the skull

sphenoid bone

1 sphenoid bone in the skull

zygomatic bone

2 bones in the skull (facial bone)

zygomatic arch

- an extension from the zygomatic bone to the temporal bone

- 2 processes make up the arch: zygomatic process of the temporal bone and temporal process of the zygomatic bone

what structures are located on the temporal bone?

- zygomatic process of the temporal bone

- external acoustic canal

- mastoid process

- styloid process

on the temporal bone what is directly inferior to the bone?

mastoid process

nasal bone

2 nasal bones in the skull

intermaxillary suture

- directly posterior to the philtrum

- 2 maxillary bones join here

maxilla bone

2 bones in the skull

anterior nasal spine

located at the superior edge of the intermaxillary suture (little spike inferior to nasal cavity)

mandible

(chin) 1 bone in the skull (only movable bone in the skull)

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid

1 bone in the skull (superior portion of nasal septum)

vomer

1 bone in the skull (inferior portion of nasal septum)

what makes up the nasal septum

perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer

ethmoid bone

-1 bone in the skull

-nasal conchae

-can be seen in medial part of eye sockets

-medial and posterior portion of the eye socket

what makes up the nasal conchae

superior and middle conchae

inferior nasal conchae

2 bones in the skull (not a part of the ethmoid bone)

which bone is directly lateral to the nasal cavity?

maxilla bone

which of the following is lateral to the nasal cavity?

maxilla, zygomatic, temporal

how many bones are in the eye socket?

7 bones

what makes up the lateral wall of the eye socket?

zygomatic bone

what is the inferior bone of the eye?

maxilla bone

lacrimal bone

-2 bones in the skull

-medial and anterior portion of the eye socket

what is directly posterior to the maxilla and directly lateral to the palatine?

palatine bone (2 bones in the skull)

what connects bones to one another in the eye?

sutures

foramen magnum

-part of the occipital bone

-huge hole in the middle of the skull

basioccipital

-part of the occipital bone

-directly anterior to foramen magnum

occipital condyles

rounded bulges that are on the lateral edge of the foramen magnum

choana

-anterior to the basioccipital

-two holes are the back of the nose

anterior palatine

process posterior to the front teeth (part of the maxilla)

anterior palatine (incisive) foramen

-posterior to the incisor teeth

-found on the center, anterior portion of the anterior palatine

-maxilla bone

palatine bone

-transverse bone posterior to anterior palatine

-separate bone

greater palatine foramen

located on the lateral edges of the posterior palatine bone

foramen lacerum

-lateral to the basioccipital

- occipital sphenoid and temporal bone

foramen ovale

-a bit lateral to the foramen lacerum

-spenoid bone

foramen spinosum

-immediately posterior to the foramen ovale

-sphenoid bone

carotid canal

-straight posterior to the foramen spinosum

-temporal bone

jugular foramen

-major foramen posterior to the carotid canal and inferior to the internal acoustic meatus

-occipital and temporal bone

hypoglossal canal

-passing superior to the occipital condyles (looks like they pass under)

-occipital bone

condyloid foramen

-immediately posterior to the occipital condyles

-occipital bone

stylomastoid foramen

-immediately posterior to the styloid process

-temporal bone

clivus

anterior to foramen magnum up to a ridge

sella turcica

-anterior to clivus

-made up of 3 parts

-center of the sphenoid bone

dorsum sella

posterior edge of sella turcica

hypophyseal fossa

-deep depression of sella turcica

-pituitary gland sits in here

tuberculum sellae

anterior edge of sella turcica

petrous portion of the temporal bone

bony structures that angle obliquely from the sella turcica area to the lateral area of the skull

what structures are embedded in the petrous portion of the temporal bone

-vestibular apparatus

-semicircular canals

-cochlea

optic canals

located at the lateral edges of the tuberculum sellae

cribriform plate

-anterior to tuberculum sellae

-contains olfactory foramina

olfactory foramina

-nerves pass through to the brain for the interpretation of smell

-located on cribriform plate

-ethmoid bone

crista galli

a ridge protruding through the center of the cribriform plate; superior extension of the perpendicular plate

foramen rotundum

-anterior to foramen ovale

-sphenoid bone

internal acoustic meatus

-first and most superior foramen associated with the petrous portion of the temporal bone

-temporal bone

coronal suture

suture between frontal and parietal bones

sagittal suture

suture between left and right parietal bones

lambdoidal suture

suture between occipital and parietal bones

squamosal suture

suture between temporal and parietal bones

sphenosquamosal suture

suture between sphenoid and temporal bones

incisors

-most proximal

-4 per jaw

-8 per mouth

what two bones make up the palatine region?

palatine bone and maxilla

what is the clivus bone made up of?

occipital and sphenoid bone

supraorbital notch

frontal bone

infraorbital foramen

maxilla bone

mental foramen

mandible bone

superior/inferior orbital fissure

sphenoid bone

optic foramen

sphenoid bone

lacrimal foramen

lacrimal bone

temporalmandibular joint

mandibular condyle and mandibular fossa

mandibular condyle

-sits in mandibular fossa

-mandible bone

mandibular fossa

temporal bone

what process is directly anterior to mandibular notch?

coronoid process

region directly inferior to the mandibular notch

ramus

mental protuberance

very center of mandible

what is the anatomical name for tooth sockets?

alveolar process

cuspids

-2 per jaw

-4 per mouth

bicuspids

(premolars)

-4 per jaw

-8 per mouth

molars

-most distal

-6 per jaw

12 per mouth

what type of tooth is directly proximal to your molars?

bicuspids

how many teeth are in a jaw and how many are in a mouth

16 jaw 32 mouth

what is the anatomical name of the baby's soft spot?

anterior fontanel

frontalis

muscle that covers the frons (forehead) region

orbicularis oculi

muscle encircles the orbit of the eye

nasalis

muscles cover the bridge of the nose

what bones are deep to the nasalis?

nasal bones

orbicularis oris

muscle encircles the mouth

what muscle is the most superior?

frontalis