SkyWest General Emergency Procedures

What information needs to be obtained from the PIC for emergency evacuation preparation?

NTSBO: Nature, Time, Signal, Brace Command, Other information

When should your silent review be done?

Before takeoff and landing

What does CLUE consist of?

1. Commands - Evacuation duties, weather, airport facilities, and terrain

2. Lights - Review lights or any other buttons pressed to communicate to the flight deck crewmembers and passengers, as well as chimes heard to warn of an emergency

3. Usable Exits and ABPs - Location and operation of exits that can be used in an emergency. Location of ABPs. Location of passengers who need additional assistance: disabled, UMNRs, pregnant, elderly, or non-English speaking passengers.

4. Equipment - Location and operation of all equipment that will be used.

What happens if a FA does not react quickly and demonstrate leadership in an emergency?

A passenger may assume the responsibility of directing the emergency and regaining authority may be difficult

What should you do before you act in any situation? (3)

LOOK, LISTEN, THINK before acting

How fast should you be able to evacuate during an emergency?

90 sec

What should you do if passengers are grabbing their carry-on bags during an evacuation?

Leave everything.

What command should be given if the cabin fills with smoke?

Stay low, breathe slow, follow my voice.

What command should be given to expedite evacuation at exit door that is situated high above the ground

Squat and jump

What command should be given to instruct passengers to assist other passengers off and away from the slide?

You, you help at the bottom send people away

What plane has a slide equipped?

ERJ 170 and ERJ 175

What is the role of Able Bodied Passengers (ABPs) during an emergency?

They are responsible for assisting in emergencies

ABPs are responsible for releasing an unconscious flight attendant from their jumpseat

True

In the post accident/incident procedures, do not make any statements to _____________________ (refer media to _____________________)

Don't to the FAA, NTSB, foreign aviation authorities, news media

Refer to SkyWest Corporate Communications

Outside of Aircraft duties land evacuation (GLAD)

- Gather PAX 500ft upwind away from aircraft

- Locate crew members

- Administer first aid

- Do not allow PAX to re-enter the aircraft

Gather Passengers _________________ away from aircraft

500ft upwind

How are passenger seats made to help in emergencies?

- Fire resistant

- Burn rate does not exceed 4in per min

- Flotation 14 pounds of buoyancy for 8 hours

- Energy absorbing

What should passengers take with them during a water evacuation?

Seat cushions.

What is the purpose of the life lines in a water evacuation?

To assist passengers and crew in evacuating through overwing exits.

Why do lifelines have knots tied one foot apart into it?

To prevent passenger hands from slipping on the rope

How does the threat management chart go?

Threat to Error to Undesired Aircraft State to Incident/Accident

By using threat management crewmenbers can

Mitigate risk and keep the aircraft from an undesired aircraft state

What is Threat and Error Management?

Process crew members use to proactively identify and manage threats and errors before they impact the safety of the flight

What are the 2 categories of errors?

Decision and skill based

What is the number 1 cause of accidents?

Human error

Why is the brace position important?

It pre-positions the body against whatever it is most likely to hit during the crash and prevents a secondary impact.

What altitude does cabin pressurization maintain?

5000-7000 feet.

What is hypoxia?

A lack of sufficient oxygen to body cells and tissues

What does TUC stand for?

Time of useful consciousness.

What is the TUC at 22,000 ft?

5 min

What is the TUC at 28,000 ft?

1 minute

What is the TUC at 30,000ft?

45 sec

At what altitude with oxygen masks automatically drop?

- CRJ: 14000 +/- 500ft

- ERJ: 14000 thru 14750ft

Brain damage or death can occur after how many minutes without oxygen.

4-6

At what altitude will you begin to suffer hypoxia if you don't get oxygen within 18 seconds?

40,000 ft

What are three factors that can reduce a person's tolerance to altitude?

Smoking, Alcohol, Drugs.

A FA engaged in light to moderate activity has (less, more, equal) TUC than a non-active passenger?

Less

What are CAUSES of Rapid decompression?

Explosion, rupture in fuselage, malfunction of the pressurization

What are three possible cabin EFFECTS of a rapid decompression?

Loud bang as pressure is lost, strong rush of air, rapid drop in temperature.

What should be done if the forward exits on the CRJ 200/550 are blocked during a land evacuation?

Block exits and redirect passengers to clear exits.

What additional emergency equipment could be taken off the aircraft for a passenger needing oxygen?

POB (Portable Oxygen Bottle).

What additional emergency equipment could be taken off the aircraft for a passenger in cardiac arrest?

AED (Automated External Defibrillator).

What command should be given to instruct passengers to assume the brace position for impact?

Heads down, stay down.

What is the command for instructing passengers to exit through overwing exits?

Leg body leg

what to do during an emergency (SPEED)

- Seek medial assistance

- PIC (notify)

- Emergency equipment

- Emergency action principles

- Document

What should be done during water evacuation if the aircraft is sinking?

1. Obtain applicable emergency equipment, time permitting.

2. Exit aircraft

3. Inflate life vest

4. Have passengers swim out and away from engines (FWD of aircraft wings)

What should be done if the aircraft is floating during a water evacuation?

- Obtain flashlight and perform a cabin walkthrough from first to last row

- Shout is everybody out

- Check lav (unprepared evacuation only)

- Confirm everyone is out of aircraft

- Obtain applicable emergency equipment, time permitting

- Exit the aircraft.

- Inflate life vest

What are possible physical effects of a RAPID decompression?

1) Rapid chest expansion 2) Cheek and/or lip flutter due to loss of pressure in the lungs 3) Pain in the ears and/or sinuses

What are 2 causes of a SLOW decompression?

1) Slow leak in the fuselage 2) Malfunction of the pressurization system

What are five possible physiological effects of a SLOW decompression?

1) Dizziness, fatigue, or headache 2) Giddiness or euphoria 3) Clumsiness 4) Poor coordination 5) Impaired judgement/vision

What is the best prevention for fire hazards?

Constant cabin surveillance and alertness

What are the different classes of fires and their corresponding extinguishers?

Class A: Combustible materials - Water extinguisher; Class B: Flammable liquids - Halon extinguisher; Class C: Energized electrical - Halon extinguisher

Smoke/fume inhalation safest level to be at?

18" above floor (about where the arm rests are)

What is a flash fire?

A flash fire is an instantaneous fire that may occur while the aircraft is on the ground being fueled.

What are the 4 causes of flash fires?

1) Electrical Shorts

2) Hot Sparks

3) Lit Cigarette

4) Portable Electronic Devices

What to use if the passengers clothes are on fire?

Liquids, blankets, pillows, cabin curtain to smother the flames

What should you do if a compartment, overhead bin, wardrobe, closet, or fuselage panel is extremely hot or has smoke coming from it?

1. Keep compartment, overhead bin etc. closed

2. Cut power to area when possible (ERJ 175: pull the circuit breaker/push the galley master button, CRJ 700/900: push the seat PWR button)

3. Prepare to fight a fire

4. Notify the PIC

5. Check adjacent areas for heat or smoke

What class is coffee makers and electrical wiring?

Class C, use halon

What would happen if passenger unwarranted evacuation is not quickly controlled?

It can lead to widespread panic and the possibility of serious injury or death

Is the flight attendant allowed to use physical restraint to stop a passenger from an unwarranted evacuation?

Yes

What command should the flight attendant yell during an unwarranted evacuation?

REMAIN SEATED, STAY CALM

What should the flight attendant do if a pilot is incapacitated in the flight deck?

Assist and follow the flight deck crewmembers' instructions

What are the two categories of incapacitation?

1) Subtle or incomplete 2) Obvious or complete

What should you do if an electrical power failure occurs due to a generator failure?

Locate the source of the electrical failure and notify the PIC

What does EOD stand for?

Explosive Ordnance Disposal

What is the flight attendant's first immediate action upon discovering an explosive device onboard?

Notify the PIC

What steps should the flight attendant take during a bomb search once a device is discovered?

1) Notify PIC of the description and location of the device 2) Obtain direction from PIC 3) Proceed with LRBL (least risk bomb location) procedures 4) Move passengers at least 4 rows away from the device

What are the primary duties of a flight attendant during a prepared emergency for a land evacuation?

1) Preparation 2) Problem 3) Seat belts 4) Safety card 5) Brace position 6) Exits 7) ABPs 8) ABP Briefing 9) Verification 10) Helper Brief 11) Final Preperation

How much time should the flight attendant subtract off the time the PIC gives the FA to prepare the cabin in an evacuation?

5 minutes

After preparing the cabin, the FA must occupy the jump seat and complete final preparation duties. Where will the FA place the checklist?

Tucked under thigh

What does the primary survey identify?

immediate life threats

Primary survey procedures

1. Scene Safety

2. Identify Yourself

3. Assess the Situation

4. Determine Responsiveness

5. Obtain Consent

6. Check for Signs of Normal Breathing

7. Move Passenger

8. Request Medical Assistance

9. Notify the Flight Deck Crewmembers

10. Begin Treatment

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Secondary Survey

if passenger is conscious ask age, gender, description of problem, medical history, traveling with anyone

According to the law, you must first get consent before rendering first aid to a conscious victim

True

What can you do if a passenger requests you help with their medication?

You may open the bottle and give them a glass of water (you can never administer medication for them)

How to protect yourself when cleaning up a biohazard?

CDK gear including gloves, gown, shoe covers, face shield also wash your hands

When should you contact the ISC?

Any emergency (medical or aircraft), OJI, also contact PIC and fill out IOR

For a conscious infant with an airway obstruction (choking) you should?

Give 5 back blows with heel of hand, then 5 chest thrusts with two fingers

What should the flight attendant verify during a prepared water evacuation for the CRJ 200 aircraft?

Confirm passengers demonstrate correct brace position, seatbelts are fastened, PEDs are turned off, infants are properly secured in CRS, carry-ons are stowed, seats are upright, and tray tables are up and locked.

What are the four methods to control bleeding?

1) Direct pressure 2) Elevation 3) Pressure bandage 4) Pressure on the supplying artery (pressure point)

How do you treat a victim of shock?

1) Improve circulation by lying the person down

2) Place pillows under their butt and legs keeping their head lower than their body

3) Keep the person calm and warm

4) Do not give food or drink and administer oxygen

What should you do if a passenger suffers a head injury and clear or blood-tinged fluid is draining from the nose or ears?

Do not attempt to stop flow; could indicate brain injury and requires emergency medical assistance.

What is the treatment for hypoglycemia (insulin shock)?

1. When conscious mix 2 sugar packets with a beverage containing sugar and encourage carb consumption

2. Monitor passenger for remainder of the flight

3. If passenger condition does not improve or worsens check for normal breathing then notify PIC to request EMS. If unconscious notify PIC and request to divert to nearest airport

Is it okay to give sugar to a passenger with hyperglycemia?

Yes. The sugar will cause little additional harm.

The person is hyperventilating and loses consciousness what will happen?

The body will correct its breathing on its own

Can a crew member declare a passenger dead onboard the aircraft?

No

What is the BCK used for?

To clean up biohazards (human liquids) there is a sani sorb absorbent packet you would sprinkle onto it then use the scooper to scoop into red bag keep separate and it will be later disposed of and kit will be replaced at next maintenance base

Where is the sharps container located?

Inside the UPK

How to help with closed leg fracture?

Cold pack and splint

What is the recovery position?

Used for passengers who are breathing normally

Place passenger on side, hand supports head, knee stops body from rolling on stomach

How to help with air sickness?

Recline seat, cool compress, and air sick bag

How to help someone who has an object in their eye?

Flush with water, if object still in eye wrap bandage loosely

How to help with intoxication during flight?

Give nonalcoholic drink and food, oxygen if needed, and let passenger sleep

How to help with fainting?

Provide cool towels, oxygen if needed, and elevate feet

How to help with heat exhaustion?

Provide water, cool towels, oxygen if needed, and elevate feet

How to help with stroke?

Loosen clothing and oxygen

How to notice stroke? (BE FAST)

- Balance

- Eyes visual problems

- Facial Droop

- Arm or leg weaknesses

- Speech slurred

- time to hospital

The EMK can be used by

Only qualified medical personal (physician, RN, vocational nurse, nurse practitioner, physicians assistant, EMT)

If the passenger says they are, you ask what level they are and take their word, you do not need to see credentials

After the EMK usage form must be filled out by passenger

What to do if there is no medical personal onboard for a serious emergency?

Notify PIC who will contact Medaire and they will give advice on what to do, only time a FA can administer medicine is if Medaire instructs FA to do so

During CPR, how is the airway opened?

Head tilt, chin lift

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