Integumentary System

Stratum corneum

top horny outer layer, contains keratin-disjunction part of skin that is shed

stratum lucidum

middle transparent layer below corneum and above granulosum, only found in thick skin

stratum granulosum

deepest with keratohyalin granules

stratum spinosum

spiny cells above basal layer

stratum basale

inner or deepest part of epidermis with coumnar cells that divide and replace the rest of the epidermis

stratum epidermis

layers upon skin

dermis

true skin, contains connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves (receptors), sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands

dermatoplasty

surgical repair of skin

dermabrasion

removal of scars with revolving wire brush, sandpaper, or chemicals, often used to reduce acne scars, tattoos, or wrinkles

skin turgor

test for skin resilience by pinching, compression, or other distortions

abrasion

to toughen or remove by friction

chafing

type of abrasion, superficial inflammation that develops when skin is subjected to friction from clothing or adjacent skin

laceration

tear of body tissues, often irregular and jagged, occurs when skin experiences pressure, stretching or a blow, causing tearing

lentigo

freckle, small brown macule on skin caused by exposure to the sun

contusion

bruise, injury caused by a blow in which skin is not disrupted or broken

contracture

shortening or contraction of muscle fibers which causes atrophy or shrinking of that particular body tissue, causes extreme scar tissue over body joint

burn

tissue reaction or injury resulting from heat, caustic substances, friction, or electricity

1st degree burn

sunburn

2nd degree burn

vesicant blisters caused by sunburn or caustics

3rd degree burn

destruction of skin with charring of underlying tissues, often caused by fires

4th degree burn

causes partial or complete destruction of epidermis and underlying tissues which includes muscle, ligaments, tendons, and bone

bulla

thin-walled fluid-filled lesion larger than 1 cm, ruptures easily, associated with noninfectious diseases

tumor

firm mass or swelling, may be malignant or benign

macule

round flat pigmented area associated with measles and scarlet fever, noninfectious types are freckles

nodule

large solid raised area of skin larger than 1 cm

papule

round solid and raised less than 0.5cm, moles, seen w rubella

plaques

flat solid lesion planes, may be formed by a mass of papules, 2 or more cm in diameter, psoriasis and lichen planus

pustule

round, raised and pus-filled lesion, acne produces skin pusules called comedones

patch

distinguished from a macule through size, larger than 0.5cm, vitiligo

vesicle

clear, fluid-filled lesion less than 0.5cm, very closely-spaced seen in contact dermititis and herpes

wheals

hives, raised red itchy areas with clearly defined edges that are transient, usually caused by allergic reactions

fissure

linear crack that extends into the dermis, develop with cracked lips and athletes foot

keloids

excessive scar tissues, raised often red and on surface of skin

lichenification

thickened area of skin that forms after intense scratching

scales

flaky, dry, silvery or white forms of shredding keratin cells seen in eczema, seborrhea, dermatitis, psoriasis, and ichthyosis

scars

connective tissues that remain after skin lesion has healed, result from trauma

ulcer

deep depression that extends into the dermis, sloughing of necrotic tissue or dying tissue, pus often discharged

crusts

thickened, dried areas of broken pustules or vesicles, often viewed as scabs that form over vesicles, appear in chicken pox

erosion

superficial, scooped-out areas that do not extend into the dermis

excoriation

reddened abrasion, usually from itching, seen w insect bites and scabies

blister

fluid below or within the epidermis often caused by fever or friction

cheilosis

lip and mouth blisters, scales, and fissures

cheilitis

inflamed and cracked skin

boil

necrotic or dead inflamed tissue forming a core of material that is either extruded, reabsorbed, or surgically removed

acne

inflammatory disease of skin’s sebaceous oil glands and hair follicles

conjunctival cyst

develop under conjunctiva covering of the global portion of the global portoin of this eye membrane over the sclera

epidermal cysts

caused by hair follicle blockage and contain large amounts of epidermal tissue, hair, and oil

mucoid cysts

caused by degenerating connective tissue and usually occur in vertebra or distal finger joints

epidermoid cyst

common benign cavity lined by keratinizing epithelium and filled with cheesy material composed of sebum and epithelium debris

pilonidal cyst

abscess or cyst of the head or anal areas

milium

white pinhead size papules on face or trunk that are keratin filled cysts, form below skin, often disappear, plural is milia

striae gravidarum

red or purple depression stretch marks in the skin

rash

eruption of the skin

urticaria

skin eruption with secere itchy pale wheals

eczema

non infectious superficial dermatitis of unknown cause which is not a distinct disease entity

psoriasis

dermatitis form with pink or dull red lesions and silvery scaling

contact dermititis

inflammation and irritation of the skin from contact with irritating substances

acrodermatitis

childhood form of dermatitis

cradle cap

thick, yellow, greasy scaling o f the scalp

phytophotodermatitis

inflammation of skin caused by plant oils and a light-activated, sensitive reaction

verruca

warts, benign epidermal nipple-like skin tumors caused by common contagious papillomavirus

callus

thick or thin horny mass of condensed epithelial cells in the stratum corneum which overlie any bony body prominence and is usually caused by pressure or friction

corn

cone-shaped horny mass of condensed epithelial cells overlying a bony prominence

bunion

abnormal enlargement of the join at the beginning of the big toe with bursitis

merocrine

sweat glands, form in cell and pass through membrane into a duct

apocrine

mammary glans and sweat glands form in axilla and genital area

eccrine

all sweat glands

holocrine

sebaceous glands, the cell and its secretion are exuded

endocrine

7 hormone glands, they are ductless, hormones enter directly into the blood

exocrine

saliva and pancreas

lymph nodes

filters watery fluid originating in organs and tissues that circulate into lymph vessels

capillaritis

inflammation of bodys capillary beds

dyshidrosis

sweating disorder that leaves vesicle eruptions on the skin, usually on hands and feet that cause intense itching

dehydration

body tissue compartment water loss

gangrene

necrosis or death of tissue due to insufficient blood supply

ichthyosis

fish-like skin

xeroderma

roughness and dryness of skin, mild ichthyosis

lichen planus

papular scaly nonmalignant chronic skin disease

ingrown toenail

nail growth which results in nail pressing into nail margin, causing pain and inflammation

alopecia

absence or loss of hair

hirsutism

excess hair growth

ingrown hair

hair that grows or follows an abnormal hair channel to skin surface

cold sores

cause fever blisters that recur on lips or mouth

canker sores

painful mouth-mucus membrane ulcer

mumps

viral infection that mainly attacks parotid/salivary glands in cheeks leading to the classic swollen-cheek appearance

parotitis

acute infectious viral febrile disease affecting parotid (near ear) and saliva glands

measles

acute highly contagious viral disease involving respiratory tract due to paramyxovirus infection that is trasmitted from nose, throat, mouth droplets

rubella

acute viral infectious disease that is characterized by a maculopapular red rash extending over body and disappearing in 2-3 days

smallpox

highly acute viral communicable disease caused by one of two species of pox/virus

chickenpox

acute viral disease with vesicular eruptions caused by the herpes zoster virus which is most contagious in winter and spring

shingles

herpes zoster virus causes shingles

furunculosis

acute skin disease characterized by boils or successive staphylococcus aureaus infection

anthrax

acute infection caused by bacillus anthracis, causes pustules

carbuncle

infection of large skin areas like neck and buttocks that causes pus pockets to develop deep in interconnecting subcutaneous tissues

acniform folliculitis

small secretory sacs or cavities that are inflamed and resembles acne

paronychia

acute or chromic inflammation of nail margin often caused by trauma and bacterial/fungal infections, caused by redness, swelling, pus production around nail edge

impetigo

acute inflammatory skin disease that causes circinate bulbous and gyrate lesions due to infection, crusted pustules vesiculation that ruprue and spread

pyoderma gangrenosa

acute inflammatory purulent form of bacterial dermatitis

cellulitis

inflamed dermis, subcutaneous fat and or connective tissue caused by streptococcus pyogenes, localized in area

dermal abscess

localized infection that causes suppuration (pus generation) with swelling, pressure, redness, surrounded by inflamed tissue