ap bio unit 3a (cellular energy)

what is metabolism?

all the chemical reactions that take place inside of a cell

what is catabolism?

releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones

what is anabolism?

uses energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones

what is energy?

the capacity to do work

what is kinetic energy?

energy of motion

what is potential energy?

stored energy that matter has b/c of its location or structure

what is free energy (G)?

energy available to do work

how is free energy (G) calculated?

G equals H (total energy) - T (temp) times S (entropy)

what is entropy

how much randomness or disorder is present within a system

a reaction spontaneous if?

it occurs on its own or is unstable

why do systems change?

in order to become stable

what are examples of spontaneous processes?

a decrease in free energy & movement towards an equilibrium

what are endergonic reactions?

absorbs free energy from its surroundings, resulting in products that have more free energy, & is non spontaneous

what is an example of an endergonic reaction?

photosynthesis

what are exergonic reactions?

releases free energy, resulting in less free energy, & is spontaneous

what is an example of an exergonic reaction?

cellular respiration

what is energy coupling?

the use of an endergonic reaction to drive an exergonic one

how does an exergonic graph look?

potential energy starts high, goes up, then decreases as the reaction progresses

how does an endergonic graph look?

potential energy starts low, increases, then decreases a little as the reaction progresses

what is ATP made of?

a 5 carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, 3 phosphate groups

what is ADP made of?

a 5 carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, 2 phosphate groups

what is the difference between ATP & ADP?

a phosphate group

the phosphate bonds in ATP are?

weak but high energy b/c of the desire to be stable