WHAP 3.3-3.4

Henry VIII

After being denied an annulment (divorce) from the Catholic Church this person established themselves as the head of the new Church of England (Anglican Church)

Anne Boleyn

Woman who an Englishman sought to marry after his previous wife bore him no sons

Charles V

Powerful Catholic leader of the Holy Roman Empire in the 16th century

Philip II

Catholic king of Spain who attempted to extend Catholic influence into the Netherlands and Great Britain

Spanish Armada

Naval mission that attempted to remove the Protestant ruler from England

Peace of Augsburg

Agreement between Catholic and Protestant forces in the Holy Roman Empire that led to the adoption of state religions

Edict of Nantes

French law that allowed the tolerance of Protestants in France

Thirty Years War

Military conflict between Protestant and Catholic forces that eventually encompassed interests from across Europe

Peace of Westphalia

Ending the Thirty Years War, this treaty allowed each area of the Holy Roman Empire to select 1 of 3 Christian religious options, aiming to settle religious tensions that had initially started the war

Indulgences

Selling forgiveness for sins

Predestined

Salvation has been predetermined by God

Puritans

A Calvinist sect that developed in England and eventually settled in North America

Protestant Reformation

Larger movement within Christianity that challenged the unitary authority of the Catholic Church and Papacy

Anglican Church

Protestant sect that is led by the monarch of England

Shariah

After the fall of Constantinople, the Ottoman Empire adopted this system of strict Islamic laws. A system which has laws that cover all areas of life

Sikhism

Result of religious syncretism which developed from Hinduism and influences from Islamic mysticism known as Sufis

Empiricism

Developed by Francis Bacon, this scientific method insisted upon the collection of data to back up a hypothesis

Simony

The practice of securing appointments to high ranking positions within the church or the selling of church offices

Holy Synod

Government led organization of Orthodox clergy that answered to the Tsar

Counter-reformation

The general efforts and policies done by the Catholic Church to address the Protestant reformation

Inquisition

An organization that looked to root out deviant sects of Catholicism as well as non-Catholic influences from the religion

Jesuits

Also known as the Society of Justice, this religious order was opposed to the spread of Protestantism and undertook missionary activity throughout the Spanish Empire, as well as Japan and India

Council of Trent

Part of the Catholic counter-reformation between the years of 1545-1563 this body of Church officials met 25 times to correct some of the worst of the church’s abuses and concentrated on reaffirming fundamental rituals

Martin Luther

German monk who proposed a series of reforms to the Catholic Church who was eventually excommunicated by the church

95 Theses

This document argued that many different traditional church practices violated biblical teachings

John Calvin

This French theologian broke off from the Catholic Church inspiring other Protestant groups such as the Huguenots in France and the Puritans in England and later North America

Elect

The group of people who have chosen to ascend to Heaven under Calvinist doctrine