Biochem lipids

example of acylglycerol

triaglycerol

example of sterols

cholesterol

example of phospholipids

phosphatidylcholine

example of sphingolipid

ceramide

the four classes of lipids

acylglycerols

sterols

phospholipids

sphingolipids

what do acylglycerols do

provide energy

fat soluble vitamins

essential fatty acids

what are sterols used for

used to synthesize lipoproteins, cell membranes, bile acids, steroids, and vitamin D

what are phospholipids used for

used to synthesize cell membranes, myelin, provide a source of choline, emulsification

what are sphingolipids used for

used to synthesize myelin and glycolipids

relationship of lipids with water or blood

insoluble

to form suspensions in blood with lipids, what must lipids be bound to

proteins

where are lipids soluble

non-polar (organic) solvents

examples of organic non-polar solvents

ether

chloroform

alcohol

hexanes

what is a simple lipid

fatty acids esterified to an alcohol compound

example of simple lipids

triacylglycerols

waxes

what are complex lipids

fatty acids esterified to an alcohol compound with additional molecules

examples of complex lipids

phospholipids

sphingolipids

glycolipids

lipoproteins

what are precursor or derived lipids

lipids used to make other larger lipids or made from other lipids

examples of precursor or derived lipids

fatty acids

ceramide

sterols/steroids

fat soluble vitamins

what % of FAs are esterified in foods and blood

95-99%

what does it mean when FAs are esterified

bonded to an alcohol compound

Structure of FA

hydrocarbon chain with carboxylic acid group at carbon 1

what protein can FAs bind to

albumin

structure of naturally occurring FAs

straight hydrocarbon chain

what type of number are carbon atoms in natural FA

even number of carbon atoms

what are odd numbered FAs formed by

bacteria and processing

what is saturated

contains no double bonds

what is unsaturated

contains one or more double bond

difference between cis and trans

cis- both hydrogens present on one side of chain

trans- both hydrogens on opposite sides of chain

is cis or trans FAs better for humans

cis

why is cis FAs better for humans

the angles??

saturated FA suffix

anoic acid

suffix for unsaturated FAs

enoic acid

carbon atoms are numbered starting from where

carboxylic acid carbon

carbon #2 is known as what

alpha carbon

what is the last carbon atom called

n-carbon or omega carbon

two major naming systems for unsaturated FAs

delta

omega

what does omega indicate

last or only double bond in hydrocarbon chain

how do you figure out omega # (calculation)

total #C- last double bond position

what are eicosanoids

locally acting “hormones” produced by different types of cells

configuration of SFAs

straight and lay flat

structure of unsaturated fatty acids depend on

shape of double bond