Fatty Acid Oxidation

relationship of fatty acids and acetyl CoA

FAs are oxidized into acetyl CoA

FAs are synthesized from acetyl CoA

when does incomplete fatty acid oxidation occurs and what does it lead to

during glucose deficiency and leads to ketogenesis in the liver

gluconeogenesis can be activated when

lipolysis

what is the reactant in the first step of lipolysis

triacylglycerol

enzyme in step 1 of lipolysis

hormone sensitive lipases

step 2 of lipolysis

in blood FAs bind to albumin while glycerol circulates freely

step 3 of lipolysis

FAs removed from blood by active muscles (mostly) and liver while glycerol removed by liver only

where does glycerol catabolism take place

cytosol of liver cells

main reactant of step 1 of glycerol catabolism

glycerol

main result from step 2 of glycerol catabolism

DHAP

In general how many glycerols does it take to make 1 glucose

2

what happens in step 3 of glycerol catabolism

DHAP goes through gluconeogenesis

is FA oxidation aerobic or anaerobic

aerobic

where does FA oxidation occur

mitochondrial matrix

coenzymes required for FA oxidation

NAD+ and FAD

what type of FA is used predominantly with FA oxidation

SFA

enzyme of step 1 of Transport of FFAs through Mitochondrial Matrix

acetyl CoA synthase

enzyme for step 2 of Transport of FFAs through Mitochondrial Matrix

carnitine palmitoyltransferase I

what happens in step 2 of Transport of FFAs through Mitochondrial Matrix

Satacyl CoA passes thru outer membrane into intermembrane space

enzyme of step 3 of Transport of FFAs through Mitochondrial Matrix

carnitine acylcarnitine translocase

enzyme of step 4 of Transport of FFAs through Mitochondrial Matrix

carnitine palmitoyltransferase II

total net ATP form palmitic acid

106 ATP

total ATP from a 3 FAs

318 ATP

1 glycerol forms how much ATP

14 ATP

one triacylglycerol produces how much ATP

332

what is ketogenesis

ketone body synthesis

where does ketogenesis occur

mitochondria of liver cells onlu

when is ketogenesis used

alternative energy source by brain and skeletal muscle during cellular glucose deficiency

are ketone bodies water soluble

yes

3 major ketone bodies

1. acetoacetate

2. 3-hydroxybutyrate

3. acetone

when does ketogenesis pathway occur

after FA is oxidized into acetyl CoAs

major product of step 1 ketogenesis pathway

HMG CoA

enzyme of step 1 ketogenesis pathway

HMG CoA synthase

major product of step 2 of ketogenesis pathway

acetoacetate

enzyme in step 2 of ketogenesis pathway

HMG CoA lyase

major product of step 3a of ketogenesis pathway

acetone

where is acetone released to

blood and is excreted in breath, urine, and sweat

major product of step 3b ketogenesis pathway

3-hydroxybutyrate

enzyme of step 3 of ketogenesis pathway

3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase

where are both acetoacetate and 3 hydroxybutyrate secreted into and what are they removed by

secreted in blood

removed by brain and skeletal muscle for energy