4 Speech, Memory, and Emotions

Which hemisphere is mainly responsible for speech?

Left hemisphere

Where is Wernicke’s area located?

Parietal lobe

What is another name for sensory speech area?

Wernicke’s area

What is another name for motor speech area?

Broca’s area

What happens in Wernicke’s area?

Words are heard and comprehended.

Where is Broca’s area located?

Frontal lobe

What happens in Broca’s area?

Words are formulated.

What are the two speech areas mainly found in the left hemisphere?

Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area.

What does EEG stand for?

Electroencephalogram.

What is an EEG used to record?

The brain’s electrical activity.

Where are EEG electrodes placed?

On the scalp.

What is an EEG used to diagnose and determine treatment for?

Brain disorders.

What are the 4 brain waves?

Alpha waves
Beta waves
Delta waves
Theta waves

Which brain waves occur when a person is awake and quiet?

Alpha waves

Which brain waves are associated with intense mental activity?

Beta waves

Which brain waves occur during deep sleep?

Delta waves

Which brain waves are associated with children?

Theta waves

What is the brief retention of sensory input called?

Encoding or sensory memory

What happens during encoding?

Sensory input is scanned, evaluated, and acted upon.

Where does encoding occur?

Temporal lobe

How long does sensory memory last?

Less than a second.

What is data that has been encoded called?

Consolidated memory

Where does consolidation occur?

Temporal lobe.

What type of memory is associated with consolidation?

Short-term memory.

What type of memory is associated with storage?

Long-term memory.

How long can stored information be retained?

A few minutes or permanently, depending on retrieval.

What memory process refers to how often information is used?

Retrieval

What are the four processes of memory?

Encoding
Consolidation
Storage
Retrieval

What are the 4 types of learning?

Short-term memory
Long-term memory
Episodic memory
Learning

How long is information retained in short-term memory?

A few seconds or minutes.

How many bits of information are usually retained in short-term memory?

Usually 7 bits

How long can long-term memory last?

A few minutes or permanently.

What does episodic memory store?

Places or events

What process involves utilizing past memories?

Learning

What structures are grouped together as the limbic system?

Olfactory cortex
Deep cortical regions
Nuclei of the cerebrum
Diencephalon

What does the limbic system influence?

Long-term declarative memory
Emotions
Visceral responses
Motivation
Mood

What type of memory does the limbic system influence?

Long-term declarative memory

What is a major source of sensory input to the limbic system?

Olfactory nerves

What is the limbic system connected to and functionally associated with?

Hypothalamus

What can lesions in the limbic system result in?

Voracious appetite
Increased sexual activity (often perverse)
Docility

What emotional responses can be lost with limbic system lesions?

Normal fear and anger responses.