Lab 4-Tissues

4 types of tissue found in the body

Epithelial (covers and lines)

Nervous(internal communication)

Muscle (contraction)

Connective(most abundant in the body. Forms the framework in the body)

Classifications of epithelial tissue shape

squamous

cuboidal

columnar

Apical surface

surface of the epithelial cell that faces away from the basement membrane

Basal surface

surface of the epithelial cell that faces the basement membrane

Pseudostratified epithelial tissue

Falsely appears stratified, as some cells are taller than others

Goblet cell

wineglass shaped mucous-secreting unicellular “gland”. Found interspersed between simple columnar and pseudostratified epithelial cells of mucous membranes

avascular or poorly vascularized connective tissue

cartilage and dense connective tissue

fibroblasts

cells that synthesize connective tissue fibers and matrix

macrophages

a type of leukocyte. It is the first cell to recognize and engulf foreign material to activate the immune system

leukocytes

white blood cells that are activated to react against bacteria, toxins and other foreign materials

mast cells

dilate blood cells produce and secrete histamine and recruit other cells

collagen fibers

help strengthen connective tissue

reticular fibers

join connective tissue to other tissue

elastic fibers

stretchable, give elasticity

ground substance

interstitial fluid fibers - support

Function: uses electrical and chemical signals to carry out high order functions (e.g. learning) as well as oversee organ function.

Location: Brain, spinal cord, nerves

name: Nervous tissue

Function: Voluntary movement

Location: skeletal muscles

Name: skeletal muscle

function: Contracts to propel blood into blood vessels; Involuntary

name: cardiac muscle

Function: propels substances along internal passageways; involuntary

Location: walls of hollow organs

Name: smooth muscle

Function: wraps and cushions organs, helps with inflammation

Location: widely distributed under epithelia around organs and capillaries

name: areolar connective tissue

Function: energy source, insulates, supports, and protects

Location: under skin, around organs, in breasts

name: adipose connective tissue

Function: soft internal skeleton

Location: lymphoid organs, e.g., lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen

name: Reticular connective tissue

Function: connects muscles to bones and bones to bones

Location: tendons and ligaments

Name: dense regular connective tissue

Function: withstand tension and provide structural strength

Location: joints; dermis of skin

name: dense irregular connective tissue

function: supports, reinforces, cushions, and resists compression

Location: embryonic skeleton; joints of long bones; cartilages of the ribs

Name: hyaline cartilage

function: maintains shape while allowing flexibility

Location: Pinna of ear; epiglottis

Name: elastic cartilage

Function: tensile strength and absorb compressive shock

Location: intervertebral discs

name: Fibrocartilage

Function: supports; protects; lever for skeletal muscles to act on; mineral storage; blood cell formation

Location: bones

name: Bone (osseous connective tissue)

Function: transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes

Location: contained within blood vessels

Name: blood

Function: Diffusion and filtration

Location: kidney glomeruli, lung alveoli

name: simple squamous epithelium

Function: Absorption and secretion

Location: Kidney tubules, ovary surface

name: simple cuboidal epithelium

Function: Absorption and secretion

Location: lining of digestive tract

Name: simple columnar epithelium, non ciliated

Function: propels mucus with cilia

Location: bronchus; uterine tubes

name: simple columnar epithelium, ciliated

Function: secretion of mucus to form a protective barrier

Location: spermatic ducts

name: pseudostratified columnar epithelium, non ciliated

Function: propels mucus with cilia

Location: trachea

name: Pseudostratified columnar epithelium, ciliated

Function: protects underlying tissues subject to abrasion

Location: epidermis of skin

name: stratified squamous epithelium, keratinized

Function: protection

Location: ducts of exocrine glands, e.g., sweat and salivary glands

name: stratified cuboidal epithelium

Function: allows bladder to stretch when full of urine

Location Urinary bladder

name: Transitional epithelium