Lower Extremity Deformities Human Motion

a decreased anterior angle of the femoral neck relative to its condyles or posterior angulation is called what

femoral retroversion

what can femoral retroversion cause

out-toeing of the feet

an excessive anterior angulation of the femoral neck is called what

femoral anteversion

what can femoral anteversion cause

intoeing of the feet

what is the normal angle of inclination of the hip

125 degrees

what is the angle of inclination for coxa vara

less than 125 degrees

what is the angle of inclination for coxa valga

greater than 125 degrees

what is the purpose of the angle of inclination

positions the femus medial relative to the pelvis, positions feet under the body

what does the angle of inclination asisst with in terms of lower extremity movement

unilateral balance

hip rotation less than 5 degrees from normal position is termed what

retroversion

hip rotation more than 15 degrees from normal position is termed what

anteversion

retroversion of the hip decreases stability which way

front and back

anteversion of the hip decreases stability which way

side to side

how does both retroversion and anteversion affect gait patterns

shortens stride length

leg length discrepancies can affect what

gait patterns

true leg length is measured how

ASIS to medial malleolus

apparent leg length is measured how

umbilicus to the medial malleolus

what are the two types of leg length discrepancies causes

tibial and femoral discrepancies

how would a patient support a leg length discrepancy

shoe lifts

what are the common causes of hip fractures

falls or osteoporosis

where do most hip fractures occur

proximal femur

what does ORIF hip fracture stand for

open reduction internal fixation

weight bearing precautions for hip fractures can range from what to what

full, none, 50 %

what is a total hip arthroplasty

complete replacement femoral head and acetabulum

what are the common causes of a total hip arthroplasty

arthritis and DJD

what is DJD

degenerative joint disease

what is a hemiarthroplasty

replacement of the femoral head

what is a total knee arthroplasty

replacement of the entire knee joint

what are the common causes of a total knee arthroplasty

DJD and arthritis

genu varum is what

inward angulation of the tibia relative to femur

what is another term for genu varum

bowleg

genu valgum is what

outward angulation of the tibia to the femur

what is another term for genu valgum

knock knee (disney knees :))

what are the normal degrees for adult genu valgum

5 and 7

genu varum shortens what two ligaments of the knee

MCL and LCL

in terms of gait, what can occur if a pt has genu varum or valgum

maladaptive gait patterns

what is genu recurvatum

extreme hyperextension of the knee

what are the functions of the ankle and foot

serves as base of support, shock absorber, adjustment to irregular surfaces, control and stabilization of leg over planted foot, elevation of body

pes valgus and varus occurs where in the lower leg

ankle

pes valgus results in what

pronated ankle

pes varus results in what

supinated foot

what is pes planus

flat foot (no arches)

what are the deformities of the toe

hallux valgus, claw toes, and hammer toes

hallux valgus results in what

bunions

what is hallux valgus

lateral deviation of the big toe

what are claw toes

hyperextention of metatarsals with flexion of PIP and DIPS

what are hammer toes

hyperextension of metatarsals and DIPs with flexion of the PIPs

what are some problems that arise with toe deformities

pain, callus formations, and decreased desire to walk