Anura Pt 2- traits

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Last updated 4:23 AM on 10/14/26
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49 Terms

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Family- Hemiphractidae

Horned & Marsupial frogs

  • S. America

  • fleshy protuberances above eyes (horns)

  • marsupial have a POUCH ā€”> Direct development

  • genus: Hemiphractus


<p>Horned &amp; Marsupial frogs</p><ul><li><p>S. America</p></li><li><p>fleshy protuberances above eyes (<strong>horns</strong>)</p></li><li><p>marsupial have a <strong>POUCH </strong> ā€”&gt; Direct development</p></li><li><p>genus: Hemiphractus</p></li></ul><p></p>
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<p>Hemiphractus</p>

Hemiphractus

Family: Hemiphractidae (Horns & Pouch)

  • horns on eyes

  • parental care: mom carry tadpoles in marsupial back pouch


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Family: Ranidae

True Frogs ā€”> most tropical and temperate (NOT S. America and Australia)

  • LARGE Tympanic membrane // BIG eyes // Smooth

  • long strong hind legs for JUMPING

  • NO paratoid gland

  • L. catesbeianus // L. clamitans // L. pipiens // R. luteiventris // L. sylvatica

  • no parental care


<p>True Frogs ā€”&gt; most tropical and temperate (NOT S. America and Australia)</p><ul><li><p>LARGE <strong>Tympanic membrane</strong> // BIG <strong>eyes // </strong>Smooth</p></li><li><p>long strong hind legs for JUMPING</p></li><li><p><strong>NO</strong> paratoid <strong>gland</strong></p></li><li><p>L. catesbeianus // L. clamitans // L. pipiens // R. luteiventris // L. sylvatica</p></li><li><p>no parental care</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Lithobates catesbeianus

  • Bullfrog = BIG

  • HUGE tympanic membrane > eye

  • No dorsolateral ridge


<ul><li><p>Bullfrog = BIG</p></li><li><p><strong>HUGE tympanic membrane </strong>&gt; eye</p></li><li><p>No dorsolateral ridge</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Lithobates clamitans

Looks like little bullfrog

  • DORSOLATERAL RIDGE


<p>Looks like little bullfrog </p><ul><li><p><strong>DORSOLATERAL RIDGE</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Lithobates sylvaticus

Dark EYE MASK on tympanum

  • can tolerate freezing

  • ā€œSylk eye maskā€


<p><strong>Dark EYE MASK </strong>on tympanum</p><ul><li><p>can tolerate freezing</p></li><li><p>ā€œSylk eye maskā€</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Lithobates pipiens

Leopard frog

  • Light colored dorsolateral fold

  • large spots

ā€œPolka-dotsā€ and Light Leopard

<p><strong>L</strong>eopard frog</p><ul><li><p><strong>Light </strong>colored <strong>dorsolateral fold</strong></p></li><li><p>large spots</p></li></ul><p>ā€œ<strong>P</strong>olka-dotsā€ and <strong>L</strong>ight <strong>L</strong>eopard</p>
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Rana luteiventris

Tympanum < than eye (small)

  • dorsolateral fold

  • white lips

  • some small spots

ā€œlittle tympanum and lipā€

<p><strong>Tympanum &lt; than eye </strong>(small)</p><ul><li><p>dorsolateral fold</p></li><li><p>white lips</p></li><li><p>some small spots</p></li></ul><p>ā€œ<strong>l</strong>ittle tympanum and <strong>l</strong>ipā€</p>
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Family: Craugastoridae

  • Direct development

  • First toe longer than second

  • unwebbed feet

  • Neotropical region- S. America

  • parental care : attend to eggs


<ul><li><p><strong>Direct development</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>First toe longer than second</strong></p></li><li><p>unwebbed feet</p></li><li><p>Neotropical region- S. America</p></li><li><p>parental care : attend to eggs</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Family: Rhinodermatidae

Darwins frog

  • fleshy proboscis at tip of rostrum (protruding nose)

  • Rhino = Rostrum (ā€œdermā€ = skin)


  • Males store young in VOCAL SACS

    • come out as baby frogs



<p><strong>D</strong>arwins frog</p><ul><li><p>fleshy proboscis at tip of rostrum (protruding nose)</p></li><li><p><strong>R</strong>hino = <strong>R</strong>ostrum (ā€œ<strong>d</strong>ermā€ = skin)</p></li></ul><p></p><ul><li><p><strong>Males</strong> store <strong>young</strong> in <strong>VOCAL SACS</strong></p><ul><li><p>come out as baby frogs</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p><p></p>
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<p>Rhinoderma darwinii</p>

Rhinoderma darwinii

Family: Rhinodermatidae (darwins frog)

  • protruding rostrum


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Family: Centrolenidae

Glass Frogs

  • Center is Clear

  • terminal phalanges are T-shape

  • can congregate blood to liver


<p>Glass Frogs</p><ul><li><p><strong>C</strong>enter is <strong>Clear</strong></p></li><li><p>terminal <strong>phalanges</strong> are <strong>T-shape</strong></p></li><li><p>can congregate blood to liver</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Dendrobatidae

Poison dart frogs

  • aposematic coloration

  • cephalic amplexus


<p>Poison dart frogs</p><ul><li><p>aposematic coloration</p></li><li><p><strong>cephalic amplexus </strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Mantellidae

Madagascar

  • fill all niches on Madagascar island

  • look like other frog species


<p>Madagascar</p><ul><li><p>fill all niches on Madagascar island</p></li><li><p>look like other frog species</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Rhacophoridae

Gliding frogs (Asia and Africa)

  • Enlarged toe discs for gliding

  • some have webbing between toes

  • Foam nests (in trees above) ā€”> tadpoles fall


<p>Gliding frogs (Asia and Africa)</p><ul><li><p>Enlarged toe discs for gliding</p></li><li><p>some have webbing between toes</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>Foam nests (in trees above) ā€”&gt; tadpoles fall</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Hylidae

American and Australian Tree Frogs (everywhere)

  • Axillary amplexus

  • adhesive pads on digits

  • Typically claw-shaped terminal phalanges w/ toe discs


<p>American and Australian Tree Frogs (everywhere)</p><ul><li><p>Axillary amplexus</p></li><li><p>adhesive pads on digits</p></li><li><p>Typically <strong>claw-shaped</strong> terminal phalanges w/ toe discs</p></li></ul><p></p>
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<p>Hyla arenicolor</p>

Hyla arenicolor

Yellow groin region

  • large toe pads

  • NOE EYE STRIPE

  • well camouflaged


<p><strong><mark data-color="#ffffcc" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204); color: inherit;">Yellow groin region</mark></strong></p><ul><li><p>large toe pads</p></li><li><p><strong>NOE EYE STRIPE</strong></p></li><li><p>well camouflaged</p></li></ul><p></p>
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<p>Pseudacris regilla</p>

Pseudacris regilla

Pacific treefrog

  • Dark eye strip to FORELIMB


<p>Pacific treefrog</p><ul><li><p><strong>Dark eye strip to <mark data-color="yellow" style="background-color: yellow; color: inherit;">FORELIMB</mark></strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Pseudacris maculata

  • Dark stripe from SNOUT ā€”> GROIN

  • white upper lip


<ul><li><p><strong>Dark stripe from <mark data-color="yellow" style="background-color: yellow; color: inherit;">SNOUT ā€”&gt; GROIN</mark></strong></p></li><li><p>white upper lip</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Pseudacris crucifer

  • Dark X on back


<ul><li><p>Dark <strong>X </strong>on back</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Family: Bufonidae

True toads

  • Paratoid glands // typically warty skin

  • no parental care

  • 2 ā€œspadesā€ on feet

  • direct development // Axillary Amplexus


<p>True toads</p><ul><li><p>Paratoid <strong>glands</strong> // typically <strong>warty</strong> skin</p></li><li><p>no parental care</p></li><li><p>2 ā€œspadesā€ on feet</p></li><li><p><strong>direct development // Axillary Amplexus</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Anaxyrus americanus

  • cranial crest DOES NOT TOUCH paratoids


<ul><li><p>cranial crest <strong>DOES NOT TOUCH</strong> paratoids</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Rhinella marina

HUGE paratoid gland

<p>HUGE paratoid gland</p>
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Anaxyrus boreas

  • NO cranial crest

  • White mid-dorsal line


<ul><li><p>NO cranial crest</p></li><li><p>White mid-dorsal line</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Anaxyrus woodhousii

  • mid-dorsal WHITE line

  • cranial crest (parallel)

  • OVAL gland


<ul><li><p>mid-dorsal WHITE line</p></li><li><p>cranial crest (parallel)</p></li><li><p>OVAL gland</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Anaxyrus cognatus

  • cranial crest-slanted / \


<ul><li><p>cranial crest-slanted / \</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Anaxyrus microscaphus

  • NO cranial crest

  • OVAL paratoid gland

  • less warty


<ul><li><p>NO cranial crest</p></li><li><p>OVAL paratoid gland</p></li><li><p>less warty</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Anaxyrus punctatus

  • ROUND paratoid gland

  • small-no crests


<ul><li><p>ROUND paratoid gland</p></li><li><p>small-no crests</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Family: Ceratophryidae

Pac-Man Frogs

  • Big head

  • some have horns above eyes


<p>Pac-Man Frogs</p><ul><li><p>Big head</p></li><li><p>some have horns above eyes</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Leptodactylidae

Ranids of S. America

  • Foam nesters (lower to the ground and near water)


<p>Ranids of <strong>S. America</strong></p><ul><li><p>Foam nesters (lower to the ground and near water)</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Conrauidae

Goliath frogs

  • largest living frogs

ā€œconrauidae wears the crownā€

<p>Goliath frogs</p><ul><li><p>largest living frogs</p></li></ul><p>ā€œconrauidae wears the crownā€</p>
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Eleutherodactylidae

New World Rain Frogs

  • coqui frogs

  • direct development // some INTERNAL fertilization

  • loud, invaded Hawaii


<p>New World Rain Frogs</p><ul><li><p><strong>coqui</strong> frogs</p></li></ul><ul><li><p><strong>direct development </strong>// some <strong>INTERNAL fertilization</strong></p></li><li><p>loud, invaded Hawaii</p></li></ul><p></p>
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