Cell quiz Biology

Nucleus

To store and protect the cell’s genetic material (DNA) and regulate gene expression to direct cellular activities.

Nucleolus

Organelle within the nucleus. Makes ribosomes

Lysosome

Vacuole that contains digestive enzymes. Breaks down macromolecules, old organelles, etc.

Vacuole

Larger vesicles. One large one stores water in plant cells and helps with pressure. Animal cells also have this for storing food and water

Ribosome

Reads DNA and makes proteins

Endoplasmic Reticulum

One makes/folds/transports proteins, one makes and breaks down fats

Golgi body

Network of membranes that help with folding and transport of materials in a cell

Vesicle

Small, fluid filled sac that helps with transport. Made of phospholipids.

Mitochondria

Organelle with double membrane; site of cellular respiration. Turns food and oxygen into usable chemical energy

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis, only found in plant cells.

Centrioles

Aid in cell replication

Centrioles

Aid in cell replication

Golgi apparatus

Sorts and packages proteins and lipids that it receives from the Endoplasmic reticulum for transport to targeted destinations inside or outside the cell

Cytoskeleton

Organizes other constitutents of the cell, maintains the cell’s shape and structural support

Plasmodesmata

Allows direct, regulated transport and communication between neighboring cells

Peroxisomes

Breaks down toxic substances, processes fats and handles chemical reaction. In plants, it works with other cells to recycle wasteful byproducts during photosynthesis

Cytoplasm

Responsible for holding the components of the cell and protects them from damage. Is the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of the cell

Cilia

Moves substances across the cell surface or to act as sensory antennae for cellular communication

Flagella

Function is locomotion, acting like a whip-like tail that propels cells through liquid environments

Secretory vesicle

Small, membrane-bound sacs that store and transport cellular products such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and enzymes to the cell membrane for release

Cell membrane

Thin, flexible barrier that surrounds every living cell, seperating its inside from the outside

Cell wall

Protective outer layer that surrounds the cell membrane of a plant cell