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interpreting weather, stage review
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when you do the instrument test, also sign up for the
FII (flight instructor instrument)
why is a METAR SPECI issued
a change in weather (ex. winds)
METAR observes upper or surface weather?
surface
Where can you read about PIREPS?
AIM 7-1-20 (cloud bases, tops, in-flight turbulence, anything—even tossed like a salad, or seems pretty normal up here)
TAF is valid for
24 or 30 hours, updated every 6 hours
GFA tool replaces area forecast? is it legal for areas not covered by a TAF?
yes
GFA offers
winds and temps aloft, temp, hour by hour, cloud tops, etc
an app you can use to look at winds, but not legal
windy
special VFR
do you need adsb-out in class d airspace?
no no no!
name for side lights on the runway
runway guard lights
name for big flashy light next to enhanced centerline or runway intersections
wigwags
a MCPRAWNS area that just means be careful, usually lots of student traffic, no need to file
alert area
youre flying a heading from 0-179. Odds or evens 500?
odds
youre flying a heading from 180-359. Odds or evens 500?
evens
what reg basically references NWCRAFT (pilot due diligence)
91.203
how many radials does a VOR have?
360
How does a VOR work?
it sends out 360 radial signal and then a reference signal via an omnidirectional range
whats a DME
shows distance from the VOR, just need a DME receiver to pick it up
what does DME stand for
distance measuring equipment
what’s the formula for northerly turning erros?
half your latitude plus 15
(at KADS we sit at 33, so roll out at 31.5 early)
forward CG characteristics
fuel burn, stability, stall/spin recovery are higher
range is lower
aft CG characteristics
flare, fuel burn, airspeed are better
worse stall recovery, stability, and fuel burn
what do you call it when the forward CG lowers range because the elevator is working
higher wing loading
ARROWPDCS what’s the S?
supplements like the G1000
what’s a second class medical good for?
to fly commercial (to get paid)
what’s a first class medical good for?
airlines
for basic med do you have to go to an AME?
no, regular physician is ok
basic med dates for classes and
what can you do with 200 hours of flight time as a private pilot?
61.51(?) sell planes and do test rides to other people
if someone wants to pay for your dinner/hotel because you flew them around, is that legal?
no, that is compensation
what are the ATP requirements
hours requirement for R-ATP 2 year degree?
1250 hours
when is a VOR inspection NOT required for IFR
when it isn’t your primary means of navigation
Explain TK9
TCDS, KOEL, MEL, POH, ADs
is the MEL the amount of things that must be operative or things that can be inop?
things that can be inop?
FDSO stands for
flight district service office, can request special flight permit
METAR stands for
meteorological aerodome forecast
Airmet Tango
winds greater than 30 knots, greater
Sierra Airmet
mountain obscuration
hurricanes, duststorms, and volcanic ash SIGMETS are exceptions because instead of being valid for 4 hours, they are valid for ___ hours
6
cold fronts are fast and dense, so when they move they create a _______ ______ shape
downward wedge
decode 830134 winds aloft
-50 + 100, so winds from 230, winds 101, temp -34
is a temp inversion stable or unstable
stable, because there is no uplifting action
when lapse rate is positive (+1, +2, etc), expect a _____ ____
temperature inversion
4 types of ice
trace, light, moderate, severe
temp inversion shares charactercis with a (high/low) pressure system, plus ______
high, llws
what precautions should you take when using an electronic flight bag (like foreflight)?
it’s not super accurate, even if it’s up to date. ex altitude could be wrong)
when do you ask for special VFR
when it’s VFR beyond your departing airport
mach 1 speed at standard temp
767kts
airspeed limit below 10,000 ft
250
airspeed limit underflying the bravo?
200
charlie and bravo equipment requirements are the same or different?
same — 2 way radio, ADSB-out, mode C transponder
delta equipment requirements, and requirements if you overfly it
2 way radio coms, nothing
dashed magenta means that what airspace starts at surface?
echo
double dashed magenta is a ____ airspace
charlie
vignette means echo begins at ____ft, but no vignette means that echo begins at ____ft
700, 1200
if you underfly the charlie, do you need anything?
if you overfly the charlie, do you need anything?
under no
over yes, in case you descend into it
cloud clearance in bravo
3sm and clear of clouds
troposphere height at poles vs equators
24000 at poles, 70000 at equator
what temp does rime ice form
negative 10 to negative 20
at what temp does clear ice form?
zero to negative 10
hours requirement for R-ATP 4
1000 hours
in AVIATES, what’s the second A?
Altimeter static!!! (don’t forget the static part)
what document has 2 types, pink and white
airworthiness
with a forward (more stable) CG, what’s different about the ARM?
ARM is longer (like closing a door from the knob vs hinges. Longer is more stable)
on the GFA map you can use what setting to help with more incremental data
helicopter
winds and temps aloft are issued every
6 hours
winds and temps aloft:
temps not reported within __ft of station elevation
winds not reported within __ft of station elevation
2500
winds and temps aloft:
winds not reported within __ft of station elevation
1500
ADIZ stands for
air defense identification zone
VFR corridor airspeed
200
a runway is blue on a map because it’s (towered/untowered)
towered
to be a lil mountain on the sectional, the min height is
200AGL
lightening bolts on a lil mountain on a sectional mean that it is
unlighted
how do you find the MEF (max elevation figure)
round to 100, then add 100
blue box with white background on a VFR sectional is (approach/ground/tower)
approach
line runways are longer than
8070ft
circle runways are within the length of
1500-8069ft
circle with big x over it on vfr sectional
airport is closed
circle with u in it on VFR sectional means
runway is unverified
open circle runway means it is
soft field
bravo cloud requirements
3sm and coc
VORTAC has _____around it
ticks
VOR/DME has a ______ around it
box around it
class D normally goes up to ____
2500AGL
class C normally goes up to
4000MSL
class C cake size inner and outer ring
5sm, 10sm
green vingette means that
golf goes to 14500ft
what does S4 mean on the chart supplement?
major main frame services (ex. 100 hour annual services)
what does B on a chart supplement mean
it has a beacon
ILS critical area
dashes on the taxiway/runway saying don’t block it because you’ll block instrument traffic
what color is the airport location/designation sign
black and yellow
define angle of attack
angle between chord line and relative wind
define angle of incidence
angle between chord line of wings and the nose
LHAND acronym
Lycoming
horizontally opposed
air cooled (not liquid cooled)
naturally aspirated (not turbo)
direct drive (crankshaft is directly connected)
which of the turning tendencies changes depending on if youre going up or down?
gyroscopic procession (climb = left) (descent = right)
what is speed is our fixed pitch prop set for
86knots (cruise climb)
do we have de-icing equipment
yes—for the windshield
do we have anti-icing equipment?
yes—pitot heat