Early Muslim Expansion and the Caliphate

According to Shi’ites

only ‘Ali and his descendants had the right to lead the umma

The first civil war, or fitna, led to the

discrediting and the eventual death of ‘Ali

The Arab conquests during the century after Muhammad’s death can be ascribed to all of the following causes except which?

Peoples conquered by the Arabs underwent mass conversions to Islam

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Umayyad dynasty?

The Umayyads fought to restore Mecca as the capital city of Islam

The major crisis upon Muhammad’s death was

whether to choose a successor and, if so, whom

In 945 the ‘Abbasids’ capital, Baghdad, was taken over by the

Buyids

Persion power was resurrected though all of the following except

‘Abbasid caliphs embraced the Persian religion of Zoroastrianism

Which of the following was a reason for building Baghdad as the ‘Abbasid capital?

It was on the main trade route between the Mediterranean and the Persian Gulf

Which of the following statements is not true of the High Caliphate?

Its armies depended chiefly on tribal soldiers from Arabia

Which of the following is not an accomplishment of ‘Abd al-Malik?

Captured Constantinople