sensation, perception and conciousness

The effect of prior experience and current expectations on perception best illustrates the importance of

top-down processing.

The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time is called the

absolute threshold.

"Although Manuel was sitting right next to his parents, he smelled a skunk minutes before they did. Apparently, Manuel has a lower ________ for skunk odor than his parents have."

absolute threshold

A company wants to increase their prices but they want to make sure the change is just below their noticing or detecting the difference. The company is trying to

stay below consumers' JND of the price point.

Analysis that begins with the sensory receptors is called

bottom-up processing.

Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater?

rods

"________ disparity refers to the slightly different view of the world that each eye receives, and is a distance cue that allows us to perceive the depth of a given visual stimulus."

Binocular

Which nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain?

optic

"While engrossed in reading a novel, Raoul isn't easily distracted by the sounds of the TV or even by his brothers' loud arguments. This best illustrates"

selective attention.

A bank teller was so distracted by the sight of a bank robber's weapon that she failed to perceive important features of the criminal's physical appearance. This best illustrates the impact of

selective attention.

"In the study that asked participants to watch a video and press a key each time a black-shirted player passed a basketball, most participants "

were not aware that umbrella-toting woman strolling across the video screen.

Corolina was not aware of what her mother was telling her while she was focused on a text message from a friend. Her experience best illustrates

the cocktail party effect.

A nurse has a new job that involves rotating shift work. She is worried about the negative consequences due to disruptions in her circadian rhythms. Which of the following suggestions could you make based on the data presented in the textbook?

Use a bright light to reset her biological clock.

In which of the following disorders does the person repeatedly stop breathing while asleep?

sleep apnea

It has been found that night terrors

typically occur during NREM-3 sleep.

Research has concluded that there is a clear association between sleep loss and

weight gain.

"In experiments, participants averaged 12 or more hours of sleep a day for the first few days of unrestricted sleep. They then settled back to 7.5 to 9 hours of sleep a day. The unusually lengthy sleep time of the first few days suggests that participants began these experiments with"

a sleep debt.