Veritas Reviewer - Grade 11 First Quarter Flashcards

A set of 80 vocabulary flashcards reviewing key concepts, proper nouns, theories, and definitions from the Grade 11 First Quarter Veritas Reviewer.

Veritas

Latin word meaning 'Truth', derived from the root word verus; also refers to the Roman Goddess of Truth who according to legend remained at the bottom of a well.

Verus

Latin root word meaning 'true, real'.

Truth

The quality or state of being true, in accordance with fact or reality, denoting accuracy, reality, and sincerity in speech and actions.

Verify

To check or examine if something is true.

Verdict

A conclusion reached after considering facts.

Veracity

Conformity to facts; accuracy.

St. Dominic De Guzman

Spanish Priest (1170-1121) who travelled, preached, lived a humble life with intellectual rigor, and founded the Order of Preachers in 1216.

Order of Preachers

Religious order founded by St. Dominic in 1216 upon Pope Honorius III's approval, whose members were also known as 'Christ Unconquered Athletes'.

Heresy of Albigensians

Dualistic worldview stating there is a good God of the spiritual world and an evil God of the material world, rejecting Christian teachings and promoting asceticism.

"Contemplare et Contemplata Alis Tradere"

Dominican motto meaning 'To contemplate and to give other fruits of compassion'.

St. Thomas Aquinas

Italian Dominican Friar (1225-1274) known as the 'Angelic Doctor' and 'Dumb Ox', who proposed that faith and reason work together.

"Adaequatio rei et intellectus"

Phrase by St. Thomas Aquinas defining truth as the 'conformity of intellect with the thing itself (reality)'.

Logical Truth

Type of truth defined as knowing facts, critical thinking, and verifying information with reality.

Moral Truth

Type of truth defined as living truthfully with sincerity, where words and actions express internal beliefs and convictions.

Ontological Truth

Type of truth defined as living according to who one is created to be, respecting human dignity and God-given nature.

Correspondence Theory of Truth

Theory stating that truth is agreement with reality supported by facts and evidence.

Coherence Theory of Truth

Theory stating that truth is consistency within a belief system, where claims fit logically without contradicting preexisting knowledge.

Pragmatic Theory of Truth

Theory stating that truth is reliable in practice based on whether a claim works and produces supporting results.

Consensus Theory of Truth

Theory stating that truth is the result of rational and informed agreement, discussion, and peer review.

Post Truth Society

A cultural and political climate where emotions and personal beliefs influence public opinion more than objective facts.

Rejection of Authority

Characteristic of a post-truth society where established sources of authority, experts, and shared standards are dismissed.

Elevation of Subjectivity

Characteristic of a post-truth society where personal feelings and opinions are prioritized over objective reality and facts.

Fragmentation of Communication

Post-truth condition where public discourse is split into isolated echo chambers, hindering true dialogue.

Epistemological Uncertainty

State in a post-truth society where objective reality is viewed as non-existent or inaccessible.

Loss of Universal Standards

Post-truth issue where shared moral values and objective benchmarks for establishing truth are disregarded.

Information Disorder

Spectrum of problematic content categorized into misinformation, disinformation, and malformation.

Misinformation

False data created or shared unintentionally with no motive to cause harm.

Disinformation

False data deliberately generated and distributed with the explicit intent to cause damage.

Malformation

Genuine or real data shared on purpose to cause harm, such as leaking private information.

Media

Channels or tools used to store, deliver, or exchange information for interpersonal and societal communication.

Traditional/Classic Media

Media channels that are printed or broadcasted, including newspapers, radio, television, films, and billboards.

New Media

Digital and technological platforms such as websites, blogs, and social media.

Emerging Media

Advanced technological media forms, such as Generative AI.

Media as a Social Institution

Concept that media belongs to organizations or individuals that must uphold editorial standards, journalistic values, and accountability.

Media as a Technological Vehicle

Concept that media functions as a technological apparatus used to transmit messages.

Authorship (Core Concept)

Core media concept emphasizing that all media messages are constructed by creators who make deliberate choices.

Format (Core Concept)

Core media concept examining creative language, technical choices, aesthetics, and visual presentation used to convey messages.

Audience (Core Concept)

Core media concept acknowledging that different people interpret media messages uniquely based on background, culture, and beliefs.

Content (Core Concept)

Core media concept referring to embedded values, worldviews, and framing decisions included or omitted in media.

Purpose (Core Concept)

Core media concept evaluating why a media message exists, who profits or gains power from it, and what it seeks to achieve.

Media as an Instrument

Role where media is utilized to shape, empower, manipulate, or control public opinion through propaganda, surveillance, or accountability.

Media as an Intervener

Role where media enters social situations to influence relationships, reframe public issues, enforce morals, or resolve conflicts.

Uses and Gratifications Theory

Theory stating that audience members are active participants who seek out specific media to fulfill distinct personal needs.

Cognitive Needs

Need to seek information, learn, think, and acquire knowledge through media.

Affective Needs

Need to experience emotional pleasure, feelings, or aesthetic gratification through media.

Personal Integrative Needs

Need to enhance self-understanding, personal status, credibility, and identity through media.

Social Integrative Needs

Need to foster connections, bonding, companionship, and social interaction through media.

Tension-Release Needs

Need to relax, escape, reduce stress, and seek emotional relief through media.

Media Ownership

Control over media entities, which determines organizational priorities, content presentation, and public reach.

Government-Owned Media

State-operated media meant for public service and advisories, which may be susceptible to political pressure and censorship.

Private Corporation Media

Commercial media owned by private entities operating for profit, reliant on advertiser funding and sponsors.

Horizontal Conglomeration

Expansion strategy where a media corporation acquires similar businesses or direct competitors at the same level of production.

Vertical Conglomeration

Strategy where a media company owns different stages of the supply chain (production, distribution, exhibition) to cut middleman costs.

Community-Owned Media

Non-profit media created, owned, and operated by a local community to address local issues and amplify marginalized voices.

Independent Media

Media operating separately from government or corporate control, prioritizing public interest and editorial autonomy.

Public Sphere Model

Model viewing media as a civic arena designed to inform citizens, promote open debate, and encourage civic participation.

Market Model

Model viewing media as a commercial marketplace prioritizing profits, audience size, clicks, and sponsor interests.

Framing

The media process of selecting, emphasizing, or omitting specific facts, sources, and language to guide audience interpretation.

Media Bias

Tendency to favor or disadvantage a specific person, group, position, or point of view in coverage.

Deliberate Bias

Intentional slanting or manipulation of news coverage to serve a specific agenda.

Subconscious Bias

Unintentional bias arising from underlying assumptions, implicit worldviews, or unexamined perspectives.

Structural Bias

Bias resulting from institutional pressures, media ownership constraints, advertising dependencies, or lack of sources.

Agenda Setting Theory (1972)

Theory by Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw proposing that media dictates what topics the public thinks about and considers important.

Propaganda Model (1988)

Model by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky describing five structural filters that manufacture consent in commercial news media.

Flak

Filter in the Propaganda Model referring to negative responses, pressure, or attacks directed at media outlets to suppress critical reporting.

Common Enemy

Filter in the Propaganda Model where media focuses on an external threat or scapegoat to corral public opinion.

Typography

The design, arrangement, and presentation of text to enhance reading experience, visual hierarchy, and legibility.

Tracking

Typographic adjustment referring to the uniform letter spacing across an entire word or block of text.

Kerning

Typographic adjustment referring to the specific spacing between two individual letters.

Leading

Typographic measurement referring to the vertical spacing between lines of text.

Serif Typeface

Font style featuring small decorative strokes at the ends of letters, conveying a traditional or formal look.

Sans Serif Typeface

Geometric font style without decorative end strokes, offering a modern and minimalist appearance.

Script Typeface

Font style mimicking paintbrush or calligraphic strokes that visually connect letters together.

Elements of Design

Fundamental visual building blocks—including dot, line, shape, form, and texture—used to construct media visuals.

Principles of Design

Structural guidelines—including emphasis, contrast, white space, movement, repetition, proportion, and balance—used to arrange elements.

Stuart Hall's Encoding and Decoding Theory

Communication theory stating that media messages are produced with specific meaning by creators (encoding) and interpreted actively by audiences (decoding).

Preferred/Dominant Reading

Audience decoding mode where the viewer fully accepts and interprets the message as intended by the creator.

Negotiated Reading

Audience decoding mode where the viewer accepts certain parts of a message while modifying others to fit personal contexts.

Oppositional Reading

Audience decoding mode where the viewer completely rejects the encoded message due to opposing values or beliefs.

Gatekeeping

The process by which editors and journalists filter information to decide which stories are published or omitted.