Bases

What defines a base in chemistry?

A substance that accepts protons (H+) or donates electrons.

How do bases affect hydroxide ions (OH-) in water?

Bases increase the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.

What is a common property of bases regarding taste?

They have a bitter taste.

What happens to red litmus paper when a base is applied?

It turns blue.

What is the feel of a base when touched?

Bases have a slippery feel.

What types of compounds are many bases composed of?

Many bases are ionic compounds containing a metal cation and hydroxide anion (OH-).

Which group of hydroxides is generally soluble in water?

Group 1 hydroxides (e.g., NaOH, KOH) are generally soluble.

Give an example of a sparingly soluble base.

Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2.

What distinguishes a strong base from a weak base?

Strong bases dissociate completely in water, producing a high concentration of hydroxide ions; weak bases do not fully dissociate.

Name an example of a strong base.

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

What is an example of a weak base?

Ammonia (NH3).

What is one use of bases in everyday life?

Neutralization of acids, such as using antacids to neutralize stomach acid.

How do bases conduct electricity?

They conduct electricity in aqueous solutions.

What is a characteristic reaction of bases when combined with acids?

They react with acids to neutralize them.